Article is devoted to the organizational transformations directed on providing agricultural enterprises with equipment of national production and reduction of their dependence on an import. In it it is told about new organizational forms of sharing and equipment service, as: machine rings; hire and rent; leasing; dealer points; secondary market; MTS.
Article is intended for heads and experts of agricultural formations of various form of ownership.
UDC 631
In article there is a speech about the organizational transformations directed on providing the agricultural. enterprises equipment of national production and reduction of their dependence on an import.
In 1992 the Cabinet council approved the National program of production of technological complexes of cars and the equipment for agricultural industry. However rates of creation and production of new equipment almost three times lag behind from planned by the Program.
The agricultural industry of leading foreign countries differs high level of power security of work and complex mechanization of all engineering procedures. So, on 100 hectares of ground grounds the capacity of tractor engines makes: USA-200 hp; Germany-540; Great Britain-178; France-277; Denmark-293; Ukraine – about 100 hp. The number of combines on 1000 hectares of crops of grain crops makes: USA-15; Germany-28; Great Britain-14: France-16; Denmark-21; Ukraine-6.
Growth of expenses for acquisition, the contents and operation of equipment convinces of need of development of new organizational forms of its joint use.
Comparison of expenses for performance of the mechanized works by an economy and intereconomic association under identical conditions almost always in favor of intereconomic option thanks to increase in annual loading of the car.
Foreign experience testifies to expediency of cooperation in an agricultural mashinoispolzovaniye. In developed countries from 20 to 70 % of farms are captured by different forms of cooperation for acquisition and sharing and equipment service.
Machine rings are one of forms of association of farms for the general use of equipment and providing the mechanized services to the foreign organizations. Usually machine ring has no own cars, they belong to certain members.
Main goal of association – improvement of use of cars, instead of receiving profit. Associations can be different. For example, in Germany, they consist of 100-1000 persons, all types of calculations for the executed works here carry out through management of a ring.
The majority of farms services of rings use when expensive and high-efficiency or special cars are necessary for a while. Besides, machine rings provide labor in busy season of agricultural works.
In some countries there are also other forms of cooperation, and also hire and rent are widely used.
One of perspective ways of ensuring agricultural production by cars and the equipment – leasing. It is a form of long-term financing and the property credit.
In developed countries leasing transactions carry out the specialized leasing companies and large commercial banks.
About 90 % of the manufacturing companies will organize sale, guarantee maintenance of cars and delivery of spare parts through a network of independent dealer points.
Taking into account a rise in price of new equipment the increasing value gets the secondary market of cars. In the West European countries it is the share of one bought new tractor three-four used. In the USA the market of the used combines three times exceeds the market of new cars. The main seller in the secondary market of equipment are the dealer enterprises which have possibility to carry out high-quality doprodazhny preparation, to provide appropriate maintenance, and if necessary – repair.
In modern conditions when shortage of equipment in agricultural industry is sharply felt, the attention is deserved by all positive forms of its effective use.
Concentration of harvest and transport equipment in one division, its accurate service and operative repair promote increase in annual loading of equipment, decrease in idle times, considerably increase development, improve quality of works, labor organization of machine operators. Such method already use in some areas of Ukraine, twice – the second increasing efficiency of use of equipment.
Only introduction in agricultural production of powerful power saturated tractors both high-efficiency harvest combines and immediate transition to progressive technology will suspend long recession in agrarian sector.
For foreign combine harvesters the time between failures on the average makes 100-120 hours. For comparison, at Don-1500 combines this indicator doesn’t exceed 12 hours. High technical parameters of combines give the chance twice – to reduce three times yield losses and for 15-20 % to reduce fuel consumption.
Other organizational form of sharing of cars – rent and hire. In rent or hire equipment provide according to the agreement in which term of its use, amounts of works, tariffs of payment, the obligation and responsibility of the parties is designated. On these conditions machine stations which are completely independent can function.
One more of firms of sharing of equipment – temporary intereconomic formations. They should be created when it is necessary to concentrate equipment for providing a potochnost and continuousness of production and observance of all requirements of an agrotechnology.
The problem of effective use by the highly productive road and highly specialized equipment is actual also. Experts were convinced that the greatest return of such equipment when is used a full set of cars for all production cycle. Carried out detailed calculations and developed model of new production structure which received the name machine and technological station (MTS). One such station should process 15-20 thousand hectares of the earth.
The main advantages of creation of MTS are: replenishment and branch MTP updating; increase of level of use of equipment; reduction of losses of agricultural products by 15-30 % thanks to high quality of harvesting by new equipment; reduction of requirement for equipment thanks to high efficiency of modern cars which twice – three times exceeds development of out-of-date means which are available in rural and farms.
Economic feasibility of use of equipment in the conditions of MTS is caused by such factors:
– amounts of works in separate farms are insufficient for its effective use;
– the technology of use of agricultural works demands concentration of equipment in such quantity, which to one economy not favourably to contain;
– deficiency or high cost of equipment doesn’t give the chance to each economy to get it.
MTS groups is mobile centers where it is possible to concentrate means and to provide appropriate service.
For creation of MTS and achievement of good results by it in activity, reasonable development of the business plan has importance.
The importance has selection of structure of cars for MTS on brands, productivity, a ryadnost, and both universal, and specialized. The basis of MTP is made by power means, i.e. tractors and self-propelled combines. Works terms, observance of agrotechnical requirements, quality of performance of technological operations to a great extent depend on them, etc.
That fact is conclusive that for timely execution of works it is expedient to complete MTS with powerful power saturated tractors which will provide performance of technological operations by shirokozakhvatny units on the increased speeds according to agrotechnical requirements.
For the best use of power saturated tractors as a part of MTS it is necessary: to have a full complete set of agricultural cars; THAT and repair to lead when tractors it is smallest are loaded; to organize periodic occupations for professional development of mekhanizatorsky shots; to have in MTS potrebny number of spare parts.
With transition to new progressive technologies of cultivation and cleaning of agricultural cultures began to unite technological operations actively. Often combined units work at the main and preseeding processing of the soil and sowing of field cultures. On such works power saturated tractors of average and high capacity are necessary.
V. Marchenko, V. Sinko.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).