In article justification of need of creation of a constant layer of a mulch is given in the top layer of earth.
Deep machining of the soil breaks a natural structure of chernozems which was formed millions years
Deep machining of the soil breaks a natural structure of chernozems which was formed millions years.
According to many scientists, major factors of decrease in the maintenance of a humus and high density of the soil are intensive deep machining with a turn of a layer and violation of a principle of adequate circulation the soil – a plant – the soil, i.e. almost complete alienation of an elevated biomass which is accompanying quite often by burning of an eddish and straw.
Various updatings of systems of the mulching minimum and zero processing, adapted for the region soil climatic conditions, including elements of a biologizatsiya (use of straw and intermediate sideralny cultures as organic fertilizer and a mulch) can become alternative to existing traditional system of pluzhny processing. However conservatism and a formidable psychological barrier, which not in forces while to overcome on whom development of new technologies depends, from scientists and heads of agrarian and industrial complex to performers – agriculturists and machine operators became a barrier of development of such systems.
This system possesses the most unique low-expensive mechanisms of increase of fertility of the soil, realization of potential possibilities of adaptive plant growing. It can be considered as independent or intermediate during the preparatory period of transition to zero processing.
The alternative option of system of the minimum processing of the soil with use of some elements of zero processing of the soil, crops of intermediate cultures assumes essential reduction of application of herbicides, crushing and partial utilization of the pozhnivny remains, receiving ecologically more attractive production.
Scientific basis of system of mulching and zero processing of the soil is optimization of organic substance in the top layer of earth, creation of biologically active mulching layer from the rerotting and semi-rerotting pozhnivny remains of the main cultures and biological weight of plants of intermediate cultures in a crop rotation. It conducts to improvement of a physical condition of the soil (to a self-loosening, increase in water penetration, moisture preservation in the soil, to erosion reduction), agrochemical and its agrobiological condition (to increase in concentration of organic substance, increase of microbiological activity), to reduction of quantity of weeds and improvement of a fytosanitory condition of crops. Well-known, what even without application of fertilizers introduction of straw allows to keep sufficient balance of a humus in the soil.
Basis of successful agriculture at any system of processing is existence on a soil surface by the period of crops of culture of the mulching layer equal, at least, to depth to seal of seeds. At a traditional, classical approach it becomes at the expense of deep plowing and the subsequent machining with use of huge production and power expenses, and quality of a necessary mulching layer thus in a bigger measure depends on weather conditions. At system of mulching minimum and zero processing of the soil necessary biologically active mulching layer is created once for all years, it besides works constantly and is regulated by the system at the expense of the pozhnivny remains.
Therefore system of traditional pluzhny processing and system of mulching minimum and zero processing to combine in any link of a crop rotation during all rotation by no means it is impossible. Only one pass of a plow in system of mulching processing will nullify huge work on creation of biologically active mulching layer.
At continuous existence of a mulching layer on a surface of the soil high water penetration is reached, moisture evaporation decreases. The sowing layer on depth the 4-8th constantly is in more favorable humidified condition that defines an optimum physical condition of the soil, good conditions for development of root system of plants and biological activity of microflora of the soil, promotes receiving high-grade timely shoots of plants. At this system of processing efficiency of agriculture in a smaller measure depends on weather conditions. The soil constantly, all the year round, is covered with a special cover in the form of a mulch which well passes moisture and at the same time interferes with its unproductive evaporation, reduces an overheat and soil drying, promotes restoration of the degraded structure.
(On Zemledeliye magazine materials).