In article general provisions of preliminary preparation for storage of seeds of a rape and tezisny recommendations are given at storage.
The GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING CROP STORAGE to R_PAKA
World demand for vegetable oil constantly increases, especially in China. The price for oil depends on the world prices for soya oil which fluctuate depending on weather conditions in the main manufacturing countries of a soya and courses of their currencies. Owing to such fluctuations world demand for other types of vegetable oils, including for the rape increases.
In Great Britain there are three main masloyekstraktny plants and many small enterprises which work both for domestic market, and for export which increases.
Purchases by the processing enterprises of a rape at farmers are carried out on the basis of the established form of the contract which accurately defines obligations of both parties. Terms and terms of the contract include the specification concerning quality, admissible impurity, terms of payment, delivery and an order of the solution of disputes, etc.
Rape storage in farms
Rape seeds in 2-3 times complicate air access deep into embankments compared with seeds of grain crops. Respectively, it is necessary to introduce amendments in grain volumes at a prosushivaniye and embankment height at storage. Researches show that the majority of agricultural producers don’t see a special difference between storage of grain of a rape and grain crops. Actually these cultures need different approaches.
Cooling
Seeds of a rape should be quickly cooled for the maximum safety of a maslichnost and the prevention of development of fungi and wreckers. The best results concerning cooling of seeds of a rape receive in the storages designed for storage of a rape. In storages which are intended for grain storage, it is reached by decrease in depth of an embankment. If it isn’t made, duration of ventilation is necessary for increasing in 2-3 times, compared with grain crops (for example, decrease in temperature Simeon of a rape on 5°S needs at 900 o’clock ventilation). Storage at low temperature prevents increase of the content of fat acids in the damaged seeds and development of wreckers and diseases.
Drying
At the wrong drying seeds can become fragile. Excessively low humidity, too fast drying, application of air of high temperature can be the reason for that. In order that seeds with high moisture content didn’t become fragile, process of its drying should be carried out twice. Rape drying by airing in the storages intended for grain, at not reduced height of an embankment can be slow. It can lead to development of a mold and reproduction of pincers. But if the height of an embankment of seeds of a rape as appropriate was reduced for ensuring appropriate access of air deep into, airing can yield good results. Between the safest level of humidity for long stable storage (7,5-8 %) and the least acceptable humidity (6 %) there is very insignificant difference. The correct approach needs association of careful drying of seeds and competent monitoring of its humidity. The predrying of seeds to humidity below than 9 % can demand additional expenses, but small increase of a maslichnost partially compensates them. It is not recommended to dry rape seeds air in temperature above than 70°S if its humidity is more than 12,5 %, and 80°S – if humidity is less than 12,5 %. If seeds when drying don’t mix up, it is recommended to reduce temperature on 10°S. When drying a seed material by humidity to 17 % it is not necessary to exceed temperatures in 65 °C.
Humidity
Safe for rape storage humidity almost is twice lower, than at grain crops. Seeds with moisture contents from 7,5 % to 8 % answers humidity of air in 65 %, it is lower than the minimum humidity which is necessary for development of mushroom diseases and pincers. At humidity of 6 % seeds become very fragile and need very careful address. Fragility of seeds is key aspect of its storage. In the damaged seeds contents of free fat acids which negatively influences quality of oil raise.
Wreckers
Very important action is storage disinfection before filling. Seeds of a rape are less sensitive to defeat by insects, than seeds of grain crops. However seeds can be surprised two species of bugs – Oryzaephilus mercator and Lake of Surinamensis who develop small populations. The greatest danger to a rape is represented by pincers as seeds on an embankment surface throughout winter incorporate moisture which promotes their fast reproduction. They can damage seeds, raise level of free fat acids and in certain cases reduce a maslichnost. The lowest humidity at which on seeds of a rape fungi of Penicillium verrucosum develop makes about 10 %. However for today restriction of impurity of this toxin for a rape aren’t established by any normative document.
Rape storage at humidity isn’t higher than 7,5 % (humidity of air 65 %) and its cooling is in the most effective ways to prevent development of wreckers.
Quality of seeds
The sprouted grains reduce commodity cost of a rape as raise contents of a chlorophyll and fat acids. The processing enterprises, as a rule, don’t accept a rape with the content of the sprouted grains more than 5 %.
Immature seeds have red color outside and green inside. They contain a chlorophyll which reduces commodity quality of seeds and can promote its heating, worsen color of oil and lead to fast deterioration of its quality. To reduce quantity of immature seeds it is possible, having left slanted plants of a rape in the field for several days. Also the problem of immature seeds can be solved drying at temperature 80°S and storage for not less than six months. For cooling of seeds it is necessary to carry out ventilation periodically.
(On Agronom magazine materials).