In article diseases and wreckers of winter grain crops who prevail on agricultural holdings during the autumn and winter period are listed. Recommendations about methods of fight against them are made.
Recommendations
in ARK agricultural enterprises, according to a forecast of development of wreckers and diseases during the autumn and winter period of 2007-2008
Essential threat during the autumn and winter period for winter crops is represented by such main wreckers as: grain ground beetle, myshevidny rodents; from diseases: the root decayed, mealy dew, a brown sheet rust.
It agrees, autumn inspection of fields of winter crops of future crop of 2008 it is revealed that the grain ground beetle left from summer diapauzy. After precipitations, the wrecker started a yaytsekladka on weed vegetation and fruit drop. The first otrozhdeniye of larvae is revealed in Kirovski’s farms, May Day, Saksky and other areas. The main injuriousness this wrecker will be expected in shoots of winter crops, especially on crops on sternevy predecessors.
Therefore we recommend without fail with a protravlivaniye of seeds, no more than three days prior to sowing to carry out without fail a toksikatsiya of seeds, a preparation the Boundary, with norm of an expense of 2 l / on ton. Availability of moisture in the soil will allow this preparation to protect shoots winter from soil wreckers within 45 days. Larvae of the ground beetle will eat shoots winter generally at night, at a temperature mode from 0o With and above. The damage rate of crops by the grain ground beetle depends on number and age of larvae, nature of settling and weather conditions. The damaged leaves have an izmochalenny appearance and are turned into shapeless lumps of fibers. Populated fields izrezhivayutsya, appear
pleshiny.
At steady fall of temperature to 0oS and below a larva stops to eat, and move for wintering to deeper layers of earth. Larvae of 2-3 age winter generally. In warm winters of a larva of the ground beetle continue to damage plants at soil temperature above 0oS. Damage of plants during the spring period can proceed to the middle of May.
To heads of the enterprises of all forms of ownership, it is necessary to know that most effectively it is possible to fight against larvae of the grain ground beetle
The 1-2nd age, that is during the autumn period.
Against the grain ground beetle at an economic threshold of injuriousness (piece/sq.m EPV 0,5-1), it is necessary to hold protective events preparations on shoots: Bazudin 600 century e. at norm of an expense of 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazinon k.e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazol 60 century e.,-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Parachute 450 mk.s. 0,5-0,75 l/hectares, Practician k.e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares; on vegetation Damascus century e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Nurell D k.e. 0,75-1,0 l/hectares, Dragoon k.e.-1,2 l/hectares, Fostran k.e.-1,5 l/hectares, Cyclone k.e.-0,1-0,15 l/hectares.
In recent years number and injuriousness of larvae of grain bugs, provolochnik, caterpillars, podgryzayushchy a scoop which can damage from 20 to 50 % of winter plants increased.
At establishment of number of caterpillars winter 2-3ݬº/sq.m, crops in the phase "shoots-kushcheniye" it is necessary to process scoops selectively or vsploshny. Are most effective against a scoop of a mix of fosfororganichesky and piretroidny preparations, in polovinny doses with addition of 3-4 kg/hectares of urea.
Chemical protection winter in a phase shoots – a kushcheniye is carried out at EPV: a cereal plant louse of 50-150 pieces/sq.m, flea beetles of 30-50 pieces/sq.m, tsikadka of 150 pieces/sq.m , cereal flies of 40-50 copies on 100 waves a net. In the presence of these wreckers of processing it is expedient to combine with protective measures against the grain ground beetle above-mentioned preparations.
At so-so daily temperature 13-14os and above probably active settling of winter crops by a cereal plant louse and tsikadka which are carriers of virus diseases. At the plants struck with viruses winter hardiness will decrease considerably and, finally, they can be lost during the spring period.
In recent years increase of a fuzariozny infection, existence root gnily is noted. Development root to the gnily is promoted by soft winter, at first dry, then damp weather, violation of crop rotations, damage of crops in low temperatures. Irrespective of an illness level of development it causes an izrezhennost of crops, a pustokolosost or leads to development of a defective ear with puny grain. The infection remains on grain of the vegetative remains in the soil.
Therefore carrying out a qualitative protravlivaniye of seeds will allow to protect shoots from an infection, to provide stability of plants at early stages of development of a complex of diseases.
Against an infection golovnevy, septorioza, root gnily, preparations of system action are highly effective (The dividend is old 036 FS, v.s.k., Vincit 050 CS, k.s. Vitavaks 200 FF, century sk., To a bag of 8 FLO, K.S and dr).
Applying protravitel, it is necessary to remember that is necessary to adhere precisely to the recommended norms of an expense of a preparation in working solutions. In case of their reduction the desirable effect, and overestimate, except superfluous expenses isn’t reached, can lead to decrease vsxozhesti seeds at the expense of formation of abnormal sprouts. Besides, the overestimated norms of an expense of preparations, are especially dangerous to parties with high degree of a travmirovannost of seeds.
And also at identification of these diseases on shoots in vegetation and at identification of a physiological pozhelteniye of crops of winter barley, we recommend for improvement of plants and the soil to hold protective events. At a temperature mode +7-80C, a preparation Fundazol of 50 % of-0,5 kg/hectares. At temperature 14-16os preparations: Impakt 25 % of page of the item, Alto-Super of 33 % k.e., Amistar Extra 280 k.s., Derozal k.s. Rex of 49 % k.e., Tilt 250 k.e. – 0,5 l/hectares (these preparations of a wide range of action, that is are applied against a complex of diseases).
Weather conditions will favorably develop on development of myshevidny rodents. Number which at present on fruit drop and on long-term herbs are made by 2-3 stake/hectare. The problem of protection winter from rodents in this regard will become aggravated. The most widespread is the specific structure: house, kurganchikovy and steppe mice.
Therefore it is very important to conduct systematically survey of crops and at EPV 2-3 a stake/hectare, 7-10 holes/hectares to apply the following preparations: Rodenfos 3 gr. in a hole, Rat death 10-30-gr. in a hole, Brodisan And 3 gr. in a hole, Varat of G 5-10gr. in a hole, Wetar 15 gr in a hole of Stutoks of 5-10 kg/hectares, and other preparations according to the List ….
On the basis of the foregoing, only continuous carrying out inspection of fields and Goskontrol behind a fytosanitory condition of crops, and also timely carrying out protective measures will allow to keep a crop of winter crops.
To heads of farms of all forms of ownership who have no agriculturists on protection of plants, we suggest to address to specialists of service of protection of plants of a republican and regional preparation who can render both methodical, and the practical help in protection of future crop from harmful organisms. Contact phones of the State inspectorate for protection of plants of ARK of t. 63-25-79, 63-25-78.
Century PERMYAKOV, chief of the State inspection of protection of plants, L. ALEKSEEVA, head of department of the organization of protection of plants.