In article it is noted that at observance of all requirements of an agrotechnology the rape well winters. Also recommendations about cultivation of this culture for receiving big crops are made.
PROBLEM CONDITION of CROPS of the WINTER RAPE in the AUTUMN
In what to grow up a winter rape on seeds favourably, today nobody should be convinced. That in Ukraine including in the Crimea, the areas taken with this culture annually increase, in an autonomy the area of its crops grew now to 25 thousand hectares testifies to high interest of landowners this culture.
The winter rape at observance of all requirements of an agrotechnology and normal development of plants usually well winters in the autumn, and it is best of all – plants with the sheet socket in 6-8 real leaves. The most sensitive part at a rape – a root neck. At normal development the tempered plants maintain winter temperatures at level of a root neck to-180 – 190S; at snow cover of 2-6 cm of a plant of a rape maintain frosts to – 250-300C. Insufficiently tempered plants with insufficiently developed socket (3-4 leaves) can be lost at temperature at level of a root neck – 100-120C.
In the Crimea it happens so very often that a rape vyseyan in time, all requirements of an agrotechnology are observed, but in August-September there were no rains. Such situation developed this autumn in many regions of the Crimea. Shoots on such fields were received in the I-II decades of October and by the beginning of November of a plant created insufficiently developed socket – 3-6 leaves. During too time considerable fluctuations of daily average temperatures began, at the end of October – the beginning of November in some areas frosts on the soil were observed. The soil very strongly cooled down, and despite that in the afternoon air temperature rose to +100+120S, plants of a rape stopped in development. This results from the fact that because of soil cooling, the root system can’t normally carry out the functions and receipt in plants of nutrients stopped. Some plants, testing first of all nitric starvation, began to dump pair of leaves.
Agricultural producers at whom crops now in such condition, are now compelled to look for an exit: how to be? All excites that will be with crops as they will winter.
Firm researches "Lembka", carried out together with the Odessa state agrotechnological university, showed that the winter rape at density of 60 plants on 1 sq.m forms 3-4 lateral escapes. At the same time at density of crops of 15-20 plants on 1kv.m. plants formed lateral escapes three times more! Thus it was once again proved that this culture especially firm hybrids to "Lembka", has extraordinary high compensatory potential.
Proceeding from the foregoing, it is not necessary to hurry to pronounce "sentence" to such crops. It is necessary to trace weekly a situation on such fields, to check a condition of development of plants, especially a growth point. At inspection of crops it is possible to take such indicator for the bottom conditional limit: on the average should be 5 strong + 10 normal + 15 weak plants. But each landowner should estimate really a situation exactly on the home field. Practice shows, what even at density of 12-15 plants on 1 sq.m received a good harvest. In the early spring it is necessary to carry out surely top dressing of crops by nitric fertilizers in norm of 30-40 kg in active ingredient. It will stimulate development of the sheet device, lateral escapes and buds. Provided that this agroreception yielded good result, it is possible cherezz-4 to repeat top dressing weeks. The good effect on the izrezhenny and weakened crops gives application kristalona and a preparation Folikur in the spring. At application of it fungicida the central stalk as though brakes in development, but development of additional strong lateral escapes is stimulated that can increase a crop even more.
And. ZHOVTENKIJ, manager of ZAT of the Rayz company.