Article is devoted to a question of prospect of production of a rape in the Crimea for production of biofuel. In it it is said that in the Crimea the increase in its areas to 40-50 thousand hectares is real. For rape processing on biofuel installation in capacity of 80-100 tons per day at the beginning could satisfy. In the Crimea production of fuel not only from rape oil, but also other plants is expedient.
Article is intended for agricultural producers of various form of ownership.
The energy crisis has now global character
The energy crisis has now global character. It forces to conduct search of new technical and technological solutions. Especially shortage of energy resources mentions the agro-industrial complex, which itself is the largest consumer of fuel. Provides itself(himself) it can at the expense of increase in production maslosemyan a rape with use of oil of this culture for production of fuel for diesel engines, and also lubricants. In Europe in it actively are engaged, since the end of the 80th years of the last century. The areas under a rape sharply increased. And nowadays in the world the rape is grown up on the area over 27 million hectares. The largest producers maslosemyan a rape there is India, China, Canada, EU countries. So, in Germany under them more than 1 million hectares, in France – 0,7 million is taken away, England and Poland sow about one million hectares.
Tendencies to increase in cultivated areas only are outlined in Ukraine under a rape (0,1-0,2 million hectares). In the Crimea the increase in its areas to 45-50 thousand hectares is real. Interest to production of rape oil arose in connection with quickly increasing deficiency of fuel of an oil origin, growth of its cost, and also amplifying toughening of requirements to toxicity of exhaust gases, especially in the large cities, resort and nature protection zones. As the example, one liter of mineral oil can spoil for a long time 1 million liters of water whereas the rape decays within 7 days for 95 percent.
In Simferopol meeting of a round table, the revealed prospects of production of fuel for internal combustion engines on the basis of rape oil took place. As his organizer the Ministry of an agrarian policy of an autonomy acted. For the first time for all history of the Crimea at level of the government the question of a rape and its possibilities was discussed. In meeting took part and research associates from Kiev and other cities of Ukraine, production workers acted. Rather interestingly and that questions of production of fuel not only from rape oil, but also other plants were brought up.
The largest producers of rape oil for production of biofuel are Belgium and Italy – over 400 thousand tons, France – as much, Germany – more than 200 thousand let out in a year. Rape oil as biofuel for diesel engines can be used in two types – pure cold pressing and eterifikovanny (biodiesel engine). Pure oil goes for the engines equipped with vortical chambers. But as a rule, on special installations it is exposed to an eterifikatsiya, that is processing by methyl alcohol at temperature of 80-90 degrees on Celsius. For an eterifikatsiya of 1 ton of rape oil 110 kgs metinola are necessary. As a result 1 ton of biodiesel fuel and about 100 kgs of glycerin is formed.
In the countries of Europe biodiesel fuel is made according to German and French schemes. In Germany works 12 centralized and 80 regional plants on production of rape oil, and fuel lets out 8 firms. The French scheme provides the centralized production of diesel fuel on powerful installations (not less than 5-10 thousand a year). At us in the Crimea, according to experts, it is better to apply at the first stage the German scheme to needs of any area, and further – and French for need of all republic. And quicker to start production in the Crimea biofuels, it would be expedient to create constantly operating working group at the autonomy government where representatives of the ministry of an industrial and agrarian policy would enter, scientists and experts – business executives.
Along with creation of installations on processing of a rape it is necessary to adjust the guaranteed production maslosemyan due quality. Installation in capacity of 80-100 tons per day at the beginning could satisfy. A part of the received oil could go on biodiesel engine development, and a part – for needs of the fish and food industry. According to German scientists, rape among all vegetable oils it is considered the most useful to a healthy food of people. For continuous work of such plant by olive raw materials in the Crimea it is enough to grow up a winter rape on the area of 30 thousand hectares that is quite real for the Crimean farmers. Benefits from this innovation won’t keep itself waiting long. In any case, biodiesel fuel can make over time in the Crimea the serious competition traditional, made of oil products.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).