In article it is described as correctly to store potatoes. Recommendations concerning storage of a crop of culture in house conditions are made.
The crop is grown already up and cleaned. Ostalas most a little – to keep it. Winter after all long, and vegetables, soyoderzhashchy in themselves a huge stock of vitamins, will be very opportunely on a vayoshy table.
Vegetables store more often in podvalax, cellars, holes, and in house usyoloviya: indoors, on balconies, loggias and in refrigerators. Sometimes cabbage, potatoes and root crops store in burtax, trenches and in osvobodivshixsya hotbeds. Stack different types of vegetables in storages differently: tare (in boxes, korzinax, established in stacks) or unpacked (in bulk or with laying in burty or stacks) ways, with a peresloyka (peat, sand, pochyovy) or without it. Vegetables, prednaznayochenny for storage, should be healthy and intact, zreyolost degrees, to the size, a grade and other kacheyostvenny indicators are sorted by types.
Different types of vegetables have the features of storage.
POTATOES
In the course of storage potatoes pass the next periods: posyoleuborochny ("medical"), the main and spring. Medical the period, in a zayovisimost from extent of maturing and mechanical damages of tubers, lasts 2-3 weeks. During this time tubers dozrevayut, and mechanical povyorezhdeniye begin to live (zarubcovyvayutsya). During this period potatoes previously cleared of the earth and vysuyoshenny, maintain in burtax or heaps in yards or under canopies at estestvenyono developing temperature (it is best of all at 15-20°C) and a relative vlazhyonost of air of 80-95 %. Thus occurs not only ripening of tubers and a zazhivyoleniye of mechanical damages, but also are shown not zamechenyony when cleaning a disease of tubers. After the termination of this period, pered a bookmark on constant hraneyony, tubers carefully sort, deleting patients and with not cicatrized mechanical povrezhdeniyami, and the others divide into 2 frakyotsiya – small and large which zheyolatelno to store separately.
Potatoes store in podvalax and cellars, an embankment more often, in zakromax or in boxes at temperature near 2-4°S and a relative vlazhyonost of air of 90-95 %, carrying out a venyotilyatsiya and airing of storages. Cooling of potatoes should proisxodit gradually, but it is impossible to tighten this process in order to avoid germination and a disease of the klubyony. Optimum term of cooling – 20-30 days (it is necessary to lower temperaturu on 0,5-1°C per day). Seed potatoes store as well as prodoyovolstvenny, but in 2-3 weeks prior to a poyosadka carry out 7 – a 10-day progreyovaniye of tubers on light at temperature 15-18°C. In the course of storage the partition of potatoes is undesirable, since thus the infectious beginning gets on healthy tubers, the vsledyostviye of that occurs not ogranicheyony, and distribution of diseases. At a considerable disease klubyony decrease temperatury to 10S is more effective. It is necessary to delete the viyodimy from above ached tubers and what lie near the patient.
During the spring period when temperatura air raises to 8-100S, at tubers the dormant period comes to the end and they start to sprout. At inyotensivny germination there is a need of a partition and an oblamyyovaniye of sprouts on tubers.
In the absence of storages seed potatoes can be stored in burtax, trenches, holes. For this purpose choose a place with a small bias for a water drain (a depth of ground waters not less than 1,3-1,5 m). Burta zakladyvayut in the direction of gospodstvuyoyushchy winds. The width burta should be no more than 1,9-2 m, depth – about 1 m, length – any. At the bottom lengthways burta equip from a tree the ventilating channel in the size of 25×30 cm which cover reshetkami (with openings of 2×3 cm) so, chtoby air from the channel freely postupal to potatoes. In burt fill up xorosho dried potatoes, kotoyory cover straw (height of a layer of 40-60 cm), and from above fill a thin layer of the earth. With approach of colds a layer of earth increase to 20-30 cm, and by winter powder still with an earth layer in thickness of 30 cm (at very hard frosts burt warm manure or snow). Optimum temperature at potatoes storage in burtax 3-4°S. In thaw ventilyatsiyoonny channels open. Obrazovavshiesya on a crest burta thawed patches indicate a congestion warm vozduxa, therefore in places of thawed patches delayut outlets. Trenches should be width of 1-1,4 m and depth from 0,5 to 1,5 m. Potatoes cover level with with earth, cover with a straw layer (50 cm) and soils (15 cm, with approach of frosts increase a tolyoshchina of a layer by 30-35 cm). Optimum temperature at storage in a trench 2-50S. Holes from above close boards, and zayoty powder with a layer of earth in thickness not less than 1 m.
(On Sadiq-ogorodik newspaper materials).