In article all ways of reproduction of a cornel are described: vegetative, okulirovka, spring inoculation and reproduction by seeds.
To the gardener on a note
To the gardener on a note
THE VEGETATIVE
Reproduction – one of the most important questions of cultivation of a cornel. In amateur culture the cornel breeds seeds more often. However properties of a made multiple copies grade thus not always remain, as at all perekrestno pollinated plants. At the same time the cornel well breeds vegetativno an inoculation (spring and summer), layers and green shanks (but in certain conditions of humidity).
OKULIROVKA
It is the most effective way of reproduction providing a prizhivayemost of eyes within 85-90 %.
To Okulirovk of a cornel, as well as other fruit plants, do in the increased physiological activity of a scion and a stock. Usual terms of an okulirovka – since July 25 till the end of August. Equipment her same, as other fruit plants – a peephole for a bark in T-shaped or in a butt, depending on weather conditions. Okulirovka in a butt doesn’t depend on a bark condition on a stock. This way gives the chance to prolong, in case of need, okulirovka terms till the end of August and to perform this work even in September. In the lower part of a stock do a cross-section, taking a narrow strip of a bark and wood. To that place put the same size a scion guard with a kidney, and a place of an inoculation tie.
As a stock two-year seyanets of a cornel from seeds of cultivars or a wild cornel are used. In good conditions of cultivation seyanets (stock) reach the necessary sizes in the first summer and then them it is possible okulirovat. Okulyanty-sazhentsy reach height the 120-150th during the first vegetative period, cut off 4-5 lateral escapes, kronisty coevals who are suitable for landing to a constant place as a result turn out.
Saplings enter fructification for the 2-3rd year, whereas seyanets – only for 5-7 year.
SPRING INOCULATION
This way is a little less effective, but quite accepted. Inoculations in lateral zarez, in a butt and the improved kapulirovka especially are successful. The most favorable period for a spring inoculation – from the middle of March till the end of April.
Effectively also reproduction by layers. It is one of the oldest ways used in gardening. The essence of reproduction consists in korneobrazovaniye stimulation on a stalk to its separation from a parent plant. The quantity of the layers received from one plant, depends on its age and gabitusa. From one copy it is annually possible to receive 5-8 branches.
Cornel reproduction by green and odrevesnevshy shanks in usual conditions is complicated. Most effectively it in tumanoobrazuyushchy installation where the temperature and humidity is automatically regulated. Optimum conditions: humidity of 90-100 % temperature +24 … +28°S, a substratum – peat and sand in the ratio 1:1, thickness of a layer the 25-30th, the top layer the 4-5th clean sand. Cherenkovaniye terms – the I-III decade of the May, the I decade of June. Major factors for definition of terms of a cherenkovaniye – the period of active growth and a small odrevesneniye of the lower part of escape. At a cornel during a green cherenkovaniye it is not desirable to shorten sheet plates (as it do usually at other plants): at shanks with the whole leaves quicker and more intensively roots, than at the shanks prepared in the traditional way accrue. Rooting begins through 12-15 and comes to an end in 45-60 days.
To replace the implanted shanks to a dorashchivaniye it is possible in the autumn and in the spring (probability of rooting of 70-75 %).
Odrevesnevshimi shanks a cornel breeds badly.
REPRODUCTION BY SEEDS
At cornel seeds a long dormant period, naturally they sprout in 20-24 months. For crops seeds stratify (mix with damp sand and maintain before crops at temperature from 0 to +5°S). For reduction of the period of stratification it is necessary to create conditions for continuous moistening of seeds. The seeds put on stratification right after extraction of them from fruits in the conditions of usual stratification sprout in 16-17 months. At continuous washing their term of stratification can be reduced till 11-12 months.
Substrata for stratification were tested different – seeds mixed up with a sfagnovy moss, sawdust, peat. The moss appeared the best substratum. Seeds in it amicably sprouted in a year.
Crops by svezhesobranny seeds or seeds with okoloplodnik (pulp) in a year of harvesting give good results. Such crops are carried out in August-September. The next spring 30-40 %, and in 18 months – other 40-50 % of seeds ascend.
Seeds of a cornel don’t lose vsxozhest within 4-5 years.
(On materials of the International monthly journal "Summer resident").