In article recommendations about protection of grain production at storage from zernopovrezhdayushchy wreckers are made. Ways of fumigation of granaries are described, the list of the resolved pesticides and economic parameters of harmful ambarny wreckers is provided.
How to prevent losses of stored grain from ambarny wreckers and rodents
One of effective actions is the desikatsiya of grain crops on a root a way of carrying out preharvest processing by preparations on a basis glifosata. This reception not only sharply reduces grain losses at a direct kombaynirovaniye, but also much more simplifies work on currents on finishing of grain weight to standards on humidity and a contamination.
Before zasypky grains of a new crop carry out careful cleaning from the vegetative remains of warehouse and the adjacent territory. It is recommended to make whitewashing by a chloric lime.
Grain should be placed and kept separately on categories of natural weight, a contamination, humidity and contamination wreckers.
The temperature mode essentially influences activity of ambarny wreckers. Long minus temperatures detain them development and lead to their death. Temperature of crude grain check daily.
Death of wreckers promote clarification, drying, warming up, cooling and promorazhivany grains. Sweepers separate from grain of pincers, mukoedov, weevils and some other wreckers.
One of effective ways of fight against ambarny wreckers is processing of not loaded warehouse by fosfororganichesky and piretroidny insecticides, damp (0,2 l of working liquid on sq.m) and aerosol (20 ml/m3). Adjacent territories process the increased norm of an expense of preparations (in 2 times).
For reliable protection it is long stored grain of food, fodder and seed value from a complex of wreckers carry out processing by insecticides (aktellik, arrivo, karate, fastak, fufanon and so forth) to the period zasypki its tape conveyor in a warehouse. It is proved that by the time of realization of such grain in some months, at application of preparations in the recommended doses, their contents doesn’t exceed maximum concentration limit and at the same time reliable protection against wreckers is reached.
High efficiency of fight against ambarny wreckers, fast deactivation (10 days) grain weight is reached when using fumigant with active and passive way of introduction. For this purpose it is necessary to pressurize warehouse carefully. Application of the following fumigant is authorized: bromic methyl (this method is morally obsolete) and tablets on a basis fosfida aluminum (Alfos, Fosky, Fostoksin, etc.), on a basis fosfida magnesium (Degesh Pleyts, Magtoksin). Fumigation carry out both in the loaded warehouse, and shortly before loading.
Bromic methyl submit to not loaded warehouse or intergrain space from cylinders in the form of gas at the rate of 20-100 g/m3. Processing disposable. It is toxic for people.
Firm fumigant in the form of tablets enter into a grain stream by means of special batchers. Norm of an expense of 2-6 tablets on m3 (on 1 ton of grain). A fumigation exposition at temperature 5-10oS – 10 days; at 21-25os – 5 days. Decontamination not less than 10 days. Realization of grain is possible in the absence of maximum concentration limit excess.
There are scientific criteria of economic feasibility of application of fumigant taking into account economic thresholds of development of wreckers, factors of injuriousness, total density of infection and minimum admissible levels of total density of infection of grain (copy/kg). On the basis of these data five degrees of infection are allocated by wreckers:
At total density of infection with wreckers (copy/kg): to 1 – cost of losses is less than costs of disinsection; to 3 – cost of losses is comparable with expenses; to 15 – loss there are more than expenses; to 90 – grain can’t be used on the food purposes.
Carrying out chemical protection of grain is obligatory as expenses are insignificant and pay off 3-5kg grain costs on each ton.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).