In the publication it is a question of the Development program of production of biodiesel fuel in Ukraine for the period till 2010. This Program defined the areas of crops of a rape and volume of production of biodiesel fuel till 2010. It will give the chance to provide agricultural machinery with binary biofuel of rational structure: 30 % of biodiesel fuel and 70 % – diesel. Territories where it is better to grow up a winter and summer rape are offered.
BIODIZELNOE FUEL
Ukraine treats the power scarce countries – the need for fuel and energy resources becomes covered at the expense of own resources only for 53 %.
Dependence on an import of oil products the prices on which constantly grow, and also considerable deterioration of an ecological situation in Ukraine stimulate intensive search of alternative power sources.
BIODIZELNOYETOPLIVO – is a non-polluting type of biofuel, kotoryjpoluchayut izzhirov a vegetative and animal origin and use for replacement of oil diesel fuel.
On the structure biodizelnoetoplivo is a mix of methyl (ethyl) air, saturated and nonsaturated fat acids.
Materialnyjbalans receiving biodizelnogotopliva:dlya manufacturing 1000kg biodizelnogotopliva 50 kw of thermal energy and 25 kw of the electric power, 1040 kg rapsovogomasla, 144 kg of methanol, 19 kg a gidrooksidakaliya, 6 kg of an auxiliary filtering material, 105 kgvody are necessary.
Biodizelnoyetoplivo can be used vlyubykhdizelny engines as it is independent, and vsmesi with diesel fuel without changes in……….
As a source of raw materials for production biodizelnogotopliva vUkraine it is possible to use the vegetable oils, received izsemyanmaslosoderzhashchikhrasteniye; animal and frityurny fats, etc.
According to Programmoyrazvitiyaproizvodstva biodizelnogotopliva for the period till 2010, Ukraine should develop and potreblyaty by 2010 over 520 thousand tons what will need about 1,7-1,8 million tons semyanrapsa. Taking into account productivity of an etogorasteniye on the average 20 c/hectares, are necessary zaseyat0,85-0,9 for one million hectares of an arable land, chtosostavlyaet about 3 % from total area paxotnyxzemel Ukraine. Replacement of chastidizelny fuel (1870 thousand tons/year), consumed now agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, on biodizeldast possibility to provide to a selskokhozyaystvennuyutekhnik binary biofuel of rational structure: 30 % biodizelnogotopliva and 70 % – diesel.
Requirements of the European Em14214:2003 standard ksemenamrapsai rapsovogomasla dlyaproizvodstvo biodizelnogotopliva:
• cleared semenarapsa – maslichnost40-44 %; humidity – 6-7 %, containing
niyesvobodnykhzhirny acids – less than 3 %; temperature semyan+20÷30°S; a contamination – to 0,5 %.;
• holodnopressovannoyefiltrovanny rapsovoyemaslo:yodny number – 110-115;
humidity – not> 0,05 %; soderzhaniyesvobodnykhzhirny acids – not> 0,65 %; peroksidny number – 1÷2; pollution – are absent; saponification number 187÷191; fosfatidy – not> 20 mg/kg; temperature +20°S.
At operation of diesel engines on biodizelnomtoplive it is necessary to wash out before the beginning of operation of the engine the filter rough and thin ochistkitopliva. Iz-zapovyshennoy it is necessary for aggression of biodiesel fuel to replace fuel hoses and laying on made izstojkogokbiotoplivu a material, and also carefully to delete biodizelnoetoplivo from paint and varnish coverings. In certain cases it is necessary to change more often motornoyesmazochny oil of a putemrazbavleniye the biodizelnymtoplivy. It is necessary to supervise also soderzhanievody vbiodizelnomtoplive for prevention of danger of development of microorganisms, obrazovaniyaperekisy and corrosion vliyaniyavody, including on elements of fuel equipment.
According to the experts, the best conditions for cultivation of a winter rape are available in the following areas of Ukraine: Lvov, Ivano-Frankovsk, Ternopol, Hmelnitsky, Vinnytsia, Kiev, Rovno and Volynsk; for the summer – in the Kirovograd, Kiev, Cherkassk, Odessa, Kherson, Poltava, Chernigov, Sumy, Kharkov areas and AR Crimea.
However, state regulation of production and stoimostibiodizelnogotopliva is necessary. To production biodizelnogotopliva the state gives material support in the European Union countries. In Germany, for example, biofuel isn’t assessed with ecological and some other taxes; there is a system dotirovaniyavyrashhivaniyarapsa. Vofrantsy the tax allowance makes 0,35 euros for liter biodizelnogotopliva. Vispany motorists, kotoryeispolzuyut biofuel, have the right free of charge parkovatsyav city boundaries.
Vtselomzhev Evrope of 1 liter biodizelnogotopliva costs cheaper for 0,10-0,15 euros diesel. To Vukrain, on raznymdanny, prime cost of 1 liter biodizelnogotopliva sostavlyaetot 2,2 to 3,0 UAH., and zavisitot ryadafaktor: productivity, efficiency of use of straw and shrota, costs of chemical components (metanolai alkalis), qualities of processing of glyceric water and engineering procedure of receiving biodiesel engine.
In ryadezarubezhny publications an imeetsyainformatsiya that at carrying out comparative is noted by the ispytaniydizely of any essential differences in operation of the engine at izmeneniividatopliva that it is possible to explain high quality of applied biofuel, which obespechivayetstrogy requirements of national standards to biodizelnomutoplivu. Therefore for successful advance biodizelyavAPK Ukraine it is necessary to develop and approve state standards on biodizeli its binary mixes with diesel fuel.
As a whole production and primeneniebiodizelnogotopliva vUkraine gives the chance cardinally reshityekologo-power problems of economy of our state.
(On magazine materials Harchova i pererobna promislovist).