Article acquaints readers with new technology of cultivation of agricultural production. It is EM – effective microorganisms, i.e. preparations which structure includes EM. Today EM – technology is a basis of organic agriculture.
Organic agriculture
Organic agriculture
Today EM – technology is a basis of organic agriculture – a method of cultivation of agricultural production at which mineral fertilizers and pesticides aren’t used. EM – the technology allows to restore natural fertility of the soil, to increase quality of grown-up production, to increase productivity of cultures, their immune properties, therefore, and stability to diseases to exclude application of means, chemical protection of plants, to increase a soil thermal capacity that promotes earlier maturing of a crop and more long fructification of plants. EM – technology with success is applied not only in plant growing, but also in animal husbandry, fish breeding, beekeeping.
EM structures – the preparations which are let out in the different countries, differ not only types of microorganisms entering into them, but also their ratio. Their structure in this or that quantity includes photosynthesizing, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, aktinomicety, fermenting mushrooms in which certain properties are inherent.
Photosynthesizing bacteria synthesize useful substances from root vydeleniye of plants, organic substances and poisonous gases (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, etc.), use a sunlight and heat of the soil as a power source. With increase in number of photosynthesizing bacteria in the soil the maintenance of other effective microorganisms raises. In a rizosfer of plants actively develops mikoriza which improves solubility of phosphates in soils, delivering thus to plants inaccessible early phosphorus.
Lactic acid bacteria develop dairy acid from sugar and other carbohydrates made by photosynthesizing bacteria and yeast. Dairy acid – a strong sterilizer. It suppresses harmful microorganisms, accelerates decomposition of organic substances and ferments them.
Yeast synthesizes antibiotic and useful to growth of plants of substance from amino acids and the Sugars developed by photosynthesizing bacteria and roots of plants. Biologically active substances such as hormones and the enzymes, made by yeast, stimulate points of growth of plants and roots.
Aktinomitseta which on the structure are intermediate between bacteria and mushrooms, make antibiotic substances from the amino acids allocated by photosynthesizing bacteria. These biocidal substances suppress growth of harmful mushrooms and bacteria.
Fermenting mushrooms quickly decompose organic substances. They suppress smells and prevent soil pollution by harmful insects and larvae.
Each version of effective microorganisms has own important function. When effective organisms develop in soils as community, the quantity of useful microorganisms increases, microbic ecosystems in the soil are counterbalanced, and especially harmful pathogenic microorganisms don’t develop, and in an okolokornevy zone symbiosis of effective microorganisms with plants is observed. Therefore, in the soils occupied by effective organisms, plants develop in exclusively favorable conditions.
Microorganisms make a basis of fertility of the soil. The soil – is a live substance which makes nutrients for growth of plants. In order that nutrients was more, it is necessary to create optimum living conditions for microorganisms, to provide them with housing, a food, water. That is, in order that agronomical useful microorganisms brought expected effect, in the soil there should be an organic chemistry which serves for them as a food, and sufficient humidity; the structure of the soil shouldn’t be broken.
Therefore the soil should be always covered, as in the nature. It can be the fallen-down foliage, a mulch, humus – any ukryvny a material, and an important condition – the soil shouldn’t be dug over.
Only under such circumstances in it EM – organisms in summary we gain expected effect – increase in a crop start to eat and breed strenuously.
(On Ogorodnik Magazine materials).