In this publication the characteristic of bakhchevy culture – a melon is described
The melon occupies one of leading places among bakhchevy cultures on sugar content and the content of nutrients. Contains carbohydrates – from monosugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) to polysaccharides, pectinaceous substances, food fibers, organic acids (ascorbic, folic), beta carotene, vitamins A, B1, V2, RR, and also mineral substances: To, Sa, Na, Mg, Fe, P. Seeds are a source of the valuable oil containing a lot of tocopherol (vitamin E), and too are used as treatment-and-prophylactic means, in particular at diseases of kidneys.
Besides, the melon, along with sea products, belongs to the main food sources of the iodine necessary for synthesis of a hormone of a thyroid gland – tiroksina.
Juice from a melon apply in oncological practice thanks to existence in it a large amount of glukuronovy acid (which isn’t present in other products and juice). The last is capable to form water-soluble connections with harmful alien and poisonous substances in an organism and to deduce them through urine and sweat. Apply juice and at diseases of a throat and chronic cough – it is absolutely harmless, and it can be used without any dosage.
For this reason one of the main tasks of selection today – creation and introduction in production new, steady against diseases, grades and hybrids, their cultivation without application yadoximikatov.
The institute of the southern vegetable growing and UAAN melon growing on the basis of development and improvement of methods of selection on stability to diseases created a number of grades which are zoned and pass the state sortoispytaniye. The majority of them are officially recognized and annually take root in collective, farmer and individual farms.
The greatest popularity at vegetable growers of the southern region use:
• Alushta, Lesya. Early ripe grades of selection of the Crimean experimental station of vegetable growing IYUOiB of UAAN. These are krupnoplodny grades with mass of fruits to 5 kg, with thick and juicy pulp, the content of solid – 12,8, Sugars – 10,8 %, vitamin C – to 26,2 mg/%.
• Goprinka (Tavrichanka). A grade of sredneranniya, from shoots prior to the beginning of maturing of fruits – 68-74 days. Fruits of a spherical form, orange, with a partial or full grid. Pulp white, crackling, juicy, sweet. Average mass of a fruit – 1,8 kg. Contains solid of 15,4-18,9 %, Sugars – 12,1-12,8 %, vitamin C – 20,9-24,8 mg/%. A grade vysokoustojchiv to fuzariozny withering and mealy dew. Productivity on bogare - to 19,4 t/hectares. Transportability good.
• Ingulka. Grade early ripe. Fruits of a korotkoovalny and oval form. Coloring orange-yellow, drawing – indistinct orange spots. A surface smooth with a full or partial grid. Pulp of white color. A tasting assessment – 4,6 points. Mass of a fruit
- 1,6-1,8 kg. Contains solid of 15,5 %, Sugars – 12,9 %, vitamin C – 39,4 mg/%. Productivity on bogare-to 15 kg/hectares.
• Lada. A grade mid-season, from shoots prior to the beginning of maturing of fruits – 78-86 days. Fruits spherical and spherical splyusnutoj forms, orange, grid continuous. A tasting assessment – 4,6balla. Mass of a fruit – 1,2-1,5 kg. Contains solid of 14,5-17,4 %, Sugars
- 11,9-13,5 %, vitamin C – 20,9-28,4 mg/%. The grade is steady against mealy dew and fuzariozny withering. Productivity on bogare – to 15 t/hectares. Transportability good. Fruits are suitable for preparation of jam, jam and bekmeza without sugar addition.
• Olviya. A grade mid-season, suitable for storage. Fruits of a korotkoovaljny form, light yellow, a grid in the form of cracks of the mixed type. Mass of a fruit – 2,2 kg. Contains solid 12,4 ° %, sugars – 10,6 %, vitamin C – 31,8 mg/%. The grade is steady against mealy dew. Productivity on bogare – 15,4 t/hectares.
• Didona. Grade of sredneranniya. Fruits stupid and elliptic, yellow, with a continuous grid. Mass of an average fruit – 2,2 kg. Productivity on bogare – to 25 t/hectares.
Thus, growing up the listed grades of a melon steady against diseases, it is possible to receive ecologically safe production without application yadoximikatov and to use it in dietary and dietetic therapy.
V. FROLOV, candidate of agricultural sciences, head of department of selection, N RUBAN, research associate of department of selection, IYUOiB UAAN.