The reasons of a bad poyedayemost are given in article by a bird of a forage and a way of their elimination. First, it is unsatisfactory physicomechanical characteristics kormosmesy: a non-uniform grinding, existence of a peel of seeds, parts of chaff, grain awns, or a skarmlivaniye of the spoiled forages (sour, containing toxins), an imbalance in a diet of amino acids. The bird prefers forages of an animal origin, fats and oils as a part of a forage.
Other reason – technological violations in service: high temperature indoors, lack of water, technological stress, etc.
The bad poyedayemost of a forage constantly excites poultry breeders – technologists.
There are three groups of the reasons leading to decrease in consumption of a forage by hens and chickens irrespective of their age and a physiological condition.
1. Unsatisfactory physicomechanical characteristics of a fodder mix or compound feed
The non-uniform grinding of a forage forces a bird to choose at first parts of a forage in the size 0.5 – 1.4 mm in diameter, then larger. The bird almost doesn’t consume a flour and grain dust, tonkopomoloty (to 0.2 mm) compound feed components. The Pylevidnost and heterogeneity of a forage reduces consumption of nutrients by chickens for 15-19 %, adult hens – for 10-14 %. Forage sorting by a bird nullifies computer accuracy of calculation of a fodder diet.
Too high milling at good mixing of all portion isn’t physiologic for a bird. Owing to natural features chicken pecks a forage, instead of grasps it from a feeding trough movement of lips and teeth as it is done by mammals. Each klevatelny movement is calculated on limited quantity of particles between which the bird swallows air. If the grinding very small, between particles isn’t enough air space, the forage turns in peculiar a vacuum stopper and the bird as though chokes of.
Existence in a stern of a peel of seeds, parts of chaff and grain awns complicates its proglatyvaniye. Usually everything extraneous impurity have low humidity (to 3 %), density to 200 g/cm ³. At a klevaniye they get only to a forward part of a mouth and stick to mucous language, the sky, cheeks. The bird can’t get rid of these parts movement of language and glotatelny movements. It is possible to see, how hens and podroshchenny chickens start to wind the head, publish specific guttural sounds and even try to clean a beak a pad.
2. Technological violations in service
High temperature indoors. The bird has clear boundary of volume of filling of a gastroenteric path a forage and water. This size for concrete cross-country and age of a bird is constant. With temperature increase indoors evaporation of moisture increases also a bird, compensating her loss, drinks more. Temperature increase with each degree increases a water consumption by 3-4 % and reduces volume of daily consumption of a forage. To avoid water loss at a bird it is possible by means of osmoprotektorny additives.
Lack of water. At a bird rather low volume of secretion of a saliva. At a lack of water its allocation considerably decreases, level of solids increases in secrets of salivary glands, their density and viscosity grows. Such saliva badly processes a food lump and doesn’t carry out motor function in a mouth that also reduces forage consumption. The lack of water is especially dangerous to chickens aged about two months.
Shortage of water can arise because of the condensed landing of hens on a floor. The bird badly drinks water with a high mineralization, with contrastly low temperature. The water consumption sharply decreases at addition in it bitter medicamentous preparations with a pungent smell.
Technological stress, painful feelings. In the first days after a debikirovaniye (cutting of a tip of a beak) the bird doesn’t consume sterns in general. Restoration occurs within 5-7 days, and even in two weeks after operation. Injections and a blood extraction at a live bird also deprive of it appetite.
3. Taste of a forage
It is considered that filogenez birds originates from dinosaurs, they kept flavoring preferences to animal components of a diet. As much as possible to cut down expenses, producers exclude animal forages from a diet of podroshchenny young growth and adult hens. Instead apply in…………
Absence as a part of a forage of fats and oils which the bird very much loves. With addition of fat it is possible to avoid bad granulometric structure.
The imbalance of amino acids reduces volume a consumed bird of a forage even under other ideal conditions. Quickly to restore a poyedayemost after elimination of imbalance of acids it is impossible, 2-3 more weeks daily consumption of a forage will lag behind norm.
The increased acidity of a forage or its toxicity arise arise because of hobby for podkislitel, and also at the substandard sterns ruining normal microflora of a gastroenteric path. Gradual accumulation in an organism of toxic products reduces a forage poyedayemost.
To prevent decrease in a poyedayemost of a forage it is possible if to eliminate all listed reasons in the course of cultivation and operation of a bird. Flavoring additives, a probiotics give preventive effect also.
Harm from bad eating of a forage by a bird is huge. Forage conversion sharply decreases, volumes of nutrients on a unit of production grow, costs of feeding increase for 12-25 %.
(On magazine materials Animal husbandry of Russia).