In article recommendations about feeding of cows on a pasture are made. Also advice is given what to do at emergence of symptoms of poisoning.
Before a conclusion to a pasture of animals it is necessary to examine and divide into groups: 1) cows, netel and tyolka are more senior than year; 2) calfs from 6 to 12 months (separately bull-calves and tyolochka); 3) calfs from 2 to 6 months. In one herd 50-150 animals are allowed.
Transfer to a pasture when the height of herbage will reach 8-10 see. Transition to summer feeding should be gradual and take about 7-10 days. In the first day of cows it is necessary to feed up in the morning, and then to let out on a pasture at 2-3 o’clock. The next two days stay of animals can be prolonged for a pasture till 4-6 o’clock with the such; calculation that for 7-10 day time pastby made 8-10 hours. The best for a pasture are the periods from 5-6 to 10-11 o’clock and from 16-17 to 20-21 o’clock. In the spring and in the autumn the lunch break can be reduced, but to begin pastbu follows later, and to finish earlier.
On pastures with bean plants it is impossible vypasat animals when on a grass dew and after a bycicle rain probability of development of a timpaniya (hem swelling) lies. For the same reason to cows right after a pasture don’t give to drink.
It is not necessary to forget that on pastures the poisonous plants which poisons influence various bodies and organism systems can grow. So, the nervous system is struck by poisons of a henbane, a dope, a belladonna, poppy-samoseyki, chistotela, boligolova, tobacco, a chemeritsa and other. When eating these plants animals are oppressed or raised, spasms, paralyses, paresis, violations of functions warm about respiratory systems are noted. The gastroenteric highway affect – euphorbias, a nightshade, an orach and others. These plants cause in animals vomiting, a diarrhea, lack of a cud, strengthening peristaltiki. Respiratory organs are affected by mustard, a rape, a bittercress, causing cough, short wind, foamy allocation from a nose, decrease (lack) of a cud.
At emergence of symptoms of poisoning it is necessary to stop immediately a pasture of animals on this pasture and to address to the veterinarian.
Under certain conditions the poisonous can appear and usual forage crops. So, at a drought or plentiful rains, early frosts, intensive growth of young escapes in the Sudanese, a sorghum, Vick, a clover wild and other tsianogenny glycosides which in an organism of an animal turn into hydrocianic acid and its salts collect. Poisonings with these substances in most cases mortally.
For the prevention of poisoning of this look it is necessary:
1. The green material containing cianogeny to use in a forage only for 40-45 day after shoots or growth of an aftermath.
2. Not to allow a pasture of animals on pastures with tsianogenny plants during time, and after a drought, frosts, plentiful rains.
3. The cattle pasture should be carried out to the hot period of year early in the morning, before sunrise and to finish in 1-2 hours after rising. To organize an evening and night pasture.
4. Hay of the Sudanese, a sorghum, millet to feed in two months after preparation.
Are poisonous the plants containing also glyukozinolaty – a bittercress, a shepherd’s bag, mustard, a gulyavnik, a rape and others are. Skarmlivaniye their animal causes defeat of a stomach, intestines, a liver, lungs. In the list of the plants containing glyukozinolaty, the particular interest represents a rape. The matter is that there are rape grades, with the high content of poison and a grade with its insignificant quantity. So, vysokoglyukinozatny grades treat Lvov, vasiljkovsky, vostochnoyosibirsky, Kuban and other, are used for receiving technical oils. For feeding of animals grow up nizkoglyukozinolatny grades of a rape-hanna, salute, spar, evvin (agate) and other.
E.Kunskaya, candidate of veterinary sciences. Southern branch Crimean state agrotechnological university of National academy of Ukraine.