The agrotechnology of cultivation of carrots is given in article. Recommendations about carrots cultivation in the early spring and late autumn are made. Besides, diseases and wreckers of a root crop are listed.
UDC 635
Carrots – a plant holodostoyky, photophilous, not exacting to the moisture, however not suffering the dried-up and dense soils.
Seeds of carrots start to sprout already at temperature 3-40S, but differ lowered vsxozhestyu (usually not above 70 %). Besides, the essential oils containing in seeds, constrain their swelling therefore shoots appear only for the 15-21st day. Optimum temperature for growth and development of plants 12-200C. The vegetative period at early grades of 80-100 days, at the late – 120-140.
Carrots badly transfer overheats, especially, when the soil is dried. Root crops thus grow ligneous, rough and underdeveloped. However and remoistening is dangerous to culture. Even short stagnation of water on a surface of the soil leads to complete loss of plants. In increase of weight of root crops of a bycicle need of plants for moisture. Sharp fluctuations of humidity of the soil lead at this time to cracking of carrots and defeat by its mushroom and bacterial diseases.
Carrots growth is influenced badly by the salted and sour soils, and also high doses of mineral fertilizers. Friable soils are preferable to culture. Under it it is impossible to bring fresh manure – from it root crops are bent.
Preparation of the soil begin in the early autumn. The dug-over soil fill with compost or humus (4 kg on 1 sq.m). If sow carrots on well fertilized site after cucumbers or early cabbage, organic fertilizers can be not brought, instead of them give complex mineral fertilizers – 40-50 g on 1 sq.m.
Crops carry out in the early spring or late autumn. For acceleration of emergence of shoots for spring crops previously warm up and presoak in warm water. Sow such seeds to the damp soil ranks along or across a ridge on depth of 1-2 cm on the loamy soil, 2,5-3 cm – on sandy. For early grades the width of row-spacings should be 12-15 cm, for mid-season and late-ripening – 25-30 see. Norm of seeding of 0,5-1 g on 1 sq.m.
Carrots yield quite good results at crops of seeds under winter before the frosts. However it is necessary to choose time for crops so that seeds weren’t in time in the autumn sprout. Shoots from such crops appear in the spring very much early, and root crops ripen quickly enough.
For podzimny crops choose a site protected from a wind, equal or with a weak bias with the fertile structural soil. Bring in the soil at the rate on 1 sm2:3-4 kg of compost and 2 tablespoons of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. In 2-3 weeks prior to crops dig over the soil and the bed and a groove cut. Seeds sow in the prepared grooves, having increased norm of seeding by 20-25 %, powder seeds with the earth or sand on 0,5-1 cm, and then it is necessary zamulchirovat peat or sawdust a layer 3-4 see. In such look crops leave under winter.
Shoots thin out at emergence of the first real leaf, leaving the largest plants among at distance 1,5-2 see.
Carrots demand regular waterings, especially in root crop formation. Each 10 days on 1 sq.m spend 20 l of water.
Top dressing carry out 2-3 times during the season, and the first time under poorly developing crops in a phase of the 2-3rd leaves use a feltwort diluted with water in the ratio with 1:10, or a chicken dung – 1:15. The following top dressing give in a phase of 5-6 leaves, in 2 weeks after the first: for 1 sq.m beds spend 2 tablespoons it is dissolved or kristalona, dissolved in 10 l of water.
When growth of leaves will stop and the root crop will start to be formed, carry out the 3rd top dressing, powdering the soil with water (1 glass on 1 sq.m), with the subsequent loosening. Instead of water it is possible to feed up dry mineral fertilizers – chloride of potassium and superphosphate on 5-6 g on 1 sq.m.
Illnesses and foes of carrots is rizoktonioz, alternarioz, fomoz, black decay, white decay, wet decay of root crops, a carrot fly, a carrot listobloshka.
Root crops of carrots of early grades and podzimny crops are ready to the use at the end of summer and in the early autumn, but they don’t suit winter storage. The carrots of mid-season and late-ripening grades intended for storage, sow in the spring, and clean as it is possible later when it completely will ripen, but prior to the beginning of strong frosts.
A.Lebedev.
(On magazine materials A garden and a kitchen garden).