In article economic efficiency of cultivation of seeds of onions of napiform salad appointment in the bottom foothill agroclimatic region of the Crimea is shown. This grade received the name Yalta the local.
UDC 635
Onions napiform (Alliumsera L.) is one of the most valuable vegetable cultures which are grown up in the world. It is included into group of the main vegetable cultures and takes a leading place on a level with such cultures as cabbage, potatoes, carrots. Crops of onions napiform occupied about 5 % of the world areas which are taken away under vegetable cultures. In Ukraine specific weight of crops of this culture reaches 13 %.
In the Crimea long since cultivate one of the most sweet salad grades of onions napiform. Call this grade Yalta local – with the origin center in a neighborhood of the city of Yalta. In the middle of XIXstoletiya from the island of Madeira and from Portugal together with the Spanish grades of sweet onions – large pale yellow and brown get madeyrsky round and madeyrsky flat which formed a relic basis for onions of a napiform grade the Yalta local.
The onions napiform Yalta local – the Crimean grade, enter into subspecies of the southern sweet onions. Represents population of onions which was cultivated on the Southern coast of the Crimea. Large, an original form of a bulb use invariable demand. It is a good table grade. The bulb light pink, flat, has thick juicy scales, a covering top dry cheshuyami bad, onions very juicy.
All local grades of onions napiform were created in certain areas of cultivation in various climatic and soil conditions for which adapted within centuries. Thus depending on ways and cultivation conditions its morphological signs, especially a bulb form considerably changed. It is known that individual repeated selection of onions napiform as regodson, it should be fixed on the valuable signs improved hozyaystvenno and properties of a grade.
To receive the high-quality bulbs, well being stored a progressive tense, it is necessary to consider onions requirements to fertility of the soil, cultivation temperatures, the relation to light, moisture, requirements to food elements, an agrotechnology etc.
From the biological factors influencing seed efficiency, a leading place has a bulb krupnost. With increase in a krupnost of bulbs their lezhkost decreases, extent of defeat by diseases increases, the expense of a uterine material considerably increases.
Researches were carried out according to A technique of skilled business in vegetable growing and melon growing (under the editorship of K.I.Yakovenko, G.L.Bondarenko, 2001g.), To "Technique of a field experiment B.A.Dospekhova (1985), To methods of the genetiko-statistical analysis, T.V. Chernishenko, K.I.Yakovenko, O.M.Belenkoy. (1985), Suchasnim to methods selekc i ї ovochevy i bashtanny cultures (2001).
Results of researches. As a result of the selection and seed-growing work executed at the Crimean experimental station of vegetable growing throughout 2003-2005 the grade of onions napiform Yalta luxury for cultivation in Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic region of the Crimea is received. It is deduced by a method of semeystvenny selection with the subsequent mass selection of highly productive bulbs.
The main differences of a new grade of onions napiform from Yalta local are: a bulb form flat with absence sbega to a neck and a bulb collum, an index 0,44-0,46; coloring of bulbs intensively violet with glossy shine; quantity juicy cheshuj–7-8 pieces, thickness of 5-7 mm; quantity of rudiments of-1,4 pieces; average mass of a bulb of-140-160 g; content of solid of-7,8 %, sum of sugars of-5,9 %.
Productivity – one of the key parameters, allowing to define possibility of cultivation of a grade in a certain zone with preservation of stability of signs in posterity. These studying of efficiency of a new grade of onions napiform Yalta luxury in the conditions of Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic area where it as much as possible uses all the potential for obtaining high productivity with stable indicators of the chemical and morphological signs defining the salad direction of onions turnip, are presented in table 1.
Table 1
Productivity of matochnik of onions of a napiform grade Yalta luxury
Productivity of a new grade of onions napiform had authentic excess over a standard in 2005 and 2006 (32 t/hectares and 36,5 t/hectares). Productivity of a grade Yalta luxury considerably exceeds standard indicators, according to 33,7+3,4 t/hectares and 22,1+3,2 t/hectares. Indicators of marketability had excess in comparison with a standard within three years (2004-2006). The exit of a commodity crop on a standard a grade the Yalta local made 75,8 %, on a new grade of-86,2 %.
The received results of productivity of products and seeds showed that for increase of efficiency of cultivation of salad onions napiform it is necessary to cultivate the adapted and leveled grade Yalta luxury. To cultivate it it is necessary in Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic area where it was created.
Increase of efficiency of cultivation of seeds of onions napiform and improvement of their quality is impossible without improvement of technology of cultivation which includes, first of all, scientifically reasonable system of cultivation of the soil together with use of fertilizers and an irrigation.
Economic indicators. Production of seeds of onions napiform grades of salad appointment in Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic area showed that at a bezrassadny way of cultivation of seeds of the first reproduction level of productivity makes 0,4 t/hectares, profit with 1 hectare – 28,66 thousand UAH., profitability – 77 % (tab. 2).
Table 2
Economic efficiency of production
seeds of the first reproduction in Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic area
*uchityvy that the price of realization of 1 kg of reproductive seeds makes 160 UAH.
At a rassadny way of cultivation of seeds of elite level of productivity makes 0,6 t/hectares, profit with 1 hectare – 254,04 thousand UAH., profitability – 187 % (tab. 3).
Table 3
Economic efficiency of production of seeds of elite vnizhny foothill agroclimatic area
*uchityvy that the price of realization of 1 kg of elite seeds makes 650 UAH.
Such high indicators of economic efficiency speak, on the one hand, application of a rassadny way of cultivation which provides 0,2 t of additional seed production, and with another – higher price of realization of elite seeds.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Economic efficiency of cultivation of onions of a napiform grade Yalta luxury exceeds similar indicators of a grade the Yalta local. The additional net profit made 159,2 thousand úÓ¡./hectare, profitability of-193,6 %.
2. Cultivation of seeds of onions napiform grades of salad appointment in Nizhny the foothill agroclimatic region of the Crimea provides profitability of cultivation of seeds of elite at level of 187 %.
A.Bondar, candidate of agricultural sciences Crimean experimental station of vegetable growing of KI APP UAAN.