In the publication it is a question of biogas installation which develops a lot of biogas and biofertilizers from any organic waste by oxygen-free fermentation. Benefit from this installation – this every day cash for your economy.
Advantages of biogas installation that it carries out a role of treatment facilities which reduce chemical and bacteriological pollution of the soil, waters, air and processes a waste on high-quality organic fertilizers.
Biogas installation is very favorable in use. All these benefits – this every day cash for your economy. For this reason extremely effectively to process a biomass in biogas installations and to receive energy carriers of own production. Let’s understand, as the modern source of money – biogas installation operates.
WHAT IS THE BIOGAS INSTALLATION?
Biogas installation develops a lot of biogas and biofertilizers from any organic waste by oxygen-free fermentation. In modern biogas installations all processes are automated. For ensuring work of very big biogas installation 1 worker at 2 o’clock in day suffices.
Raw materials for production of biogas is: KRS manure, a silo, manure of pigs, a chicken dung, other types of manure, a waste of slaughter-houses (blood, fat, bones, kaniga, the meat and skin remains), a waste of the food industry, a gardening waste, a malt deposit, vyzhimka, a press after production of sugar, the bard grain after production of alcohol.
WHAT BENEFITS FROM BIOGAS INSTALLATION?
Processing of an organic waste is a system of clarification which gives big money.
At the same time and in large numbers you receive:
clarification from a biowaste; biogas; electricity; warmly; high-quality fertilizers.
All this is developed almost at zero prime cost. After all manure free, and installation on itself uses only 10-15 % of energy.
IN MORE DETAIL ABOUT ALL ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS INSTALLATION
UTILIZATION OR CLARIFICATION
When using usual settlers, musornik and lagoons the filtrate often gets to soil waters from what people and animals strongly are ill. The sizes of lagoons huge and smells from them cost the unpleasant.
Biogas exit from different types of raw materials
One of advantages of biogas installation is that it carries out a role of treatment facilities which reduce chemical and bacteriological pollution of the soil, waters, air and processes an organic waste on high-quality organic fertilizers.
The area of biogas installation minimum in comparison with the areas of lagoons. Usually they occupy huge territories, it first of all is connected with duration of storage of manure (2-3 years). In lagoons of this time it is enough for formation of organic fertilizers which can be used effectively for own needs. And in biogas installation this process occurs much quicker – on the average in 1 month.
Clarification can be displayed in money. Count up, how many there is a treatment of animals. Using clarification system, you will make so that your animals and you will be ill less and will spend less money for medicine.
BIOGAS
In the course of fermentation from a waste biogas is developed. This gas can be used for needs of your enterprise. It can be used for heating of rooms, for electric power development, it it is possible dochishhat – to receive methane which then to fill cars, to accumulate, compress.
Biogas is a gas which approximately for 60-70 % consists of CH4 and for 30-40 % from carbon dioxide (CO2). Such words as, mine gas, marsh gas and "gas-methane" are synonyms for biogas. Various species of microorganisms metabolizuyut carbon from organic substrata in oxygen-free conditions (anaerobno).
BIOGAZ EXIT FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAW MATERIALS
The price for gas for the last 2 years rose in 3,5 times. All understand that the further rise in price of gas in Ukraine considerable and is inevitable. But, as it is not surprising, the majority doesn’t reflect on rise in price consequences on the relation personally to itself, the family and business.
Instead of building gas pipelines, spending considerable means, you for same or even for smaller capital expenditure can establish biogas installation.
From the gas pipeline it is necessary to pay for the used natural gas constantly, and gas from biogas installation – always free.
ELECTRIC POWER
From 1 m3 biogas in the generator it is possible to develop from 2 to 3 kWh of the electric power. The electric power in the world costs 10 cents for kw. At us while only 7-8 cents. But the fact that the Ukrainian electric power expects sad destiny of gas.
WARMLY
Warmly from cooling of the generator or from combustion of biogas it is possible to use for heating of administration premises, a farm, houses, drying of seeds, boiling of hot water for the maintenance of cattle. Many think that warm water isn’t necessary to them, but if to a cow to give to drink warm water, it will give more qualitative milk and will be ill it is less. And for pigs it is warmly simply vital.
Near biogas installations it is possible to revive old and to establish new hothouses. Heat also can be used for actuating of refrigerators which can be used, for example, for fresh milk on dairy farms or for storage of meat, eggs.
FERTILIZERS
Weight which perebrodila – is ready non-polluting rare or firm biofertilizers without nitrates, seeds of weeds, pathogenic microflora, eggs gelmintov, specific smells. When using such balanced biofertilizers productivity raises for 30-50 %.
In usual manure the mineralization makes about 40 %, minerals, are connected with organic chemistry therefore are acquired by plants worse, and in perebrodzhenny weight the mineralization of 60 % and minerals pass to a form available to plants.
At usual storage of manure throughout long time there is a considerable loss of useful mineral elements , for example, nitrogen disappears.
And, in addition, biofertilizers improve soil structure, increasing in it humus contents, thereby increasing its fertility.
Biogas installation gives fertilizers of the highest quality, and their prime cost equals 0.
OTHER BENEFITS
Biogas installation occupies the space several times smaller, than lagoons for manure storage. You save the ground resources and money for construction.
Plus to it installation will neutralize all unpleasant smells, and stay on a farm will bring you near economic benefits also esthetic satisfaction.
STRUCTURE OF BIOGAS INSTALLATION:
Collections for a waste (schematically). System of loading of a biomass. Reactor. Dobrazhivaniye reactor. Substrater. Heating system. Power plant. Automatic equipment and control system. System of gas pipelines.
PRINCIPLE OF WORK OF THE EQUIPMENT
Manure from surrounding farms is brought on biogas installation by trucks or pumped over by pumps from a cesspool (collection) near the reactor. The reactor is continuously filled with raw materials by means of a pomp or shnekovy giving depending on humidity of a substratum.
Waste of vegetative weight, for example, a silo or other coenzymes, is brought by trucks (tractors) and unloads in the bunker of system of giving of a firm substratum.
The reactor is gas-tight, completely tight tank from reinforced concrete. This design teploizoliruetsya as in the tank the temperature for microorganisms should be fixed. It can be mezofilny (approximately 350S) or termofilny (approximately 550S). In the reactor there is a mixer which is used for complete hashing of contents of a rayektor.
Microorganisms should be provided with all necessary nutrients. Fresh manure should move in the reactor in the small portions several times a day. Average duration of hydraulic upholding in the reactor (depending on substrata) makes 20-40 days. Throughout this time organic substances in manure turn microorganisms.
On an exit we have two products: biogas and biofertilizers (kompostirovanny and rare). The last remain in a standard tanker for storage of fertilizers. In Germany this kompostirovanny substratum is used as fertilizer because of high concentration of ammonia (NH4).
The received biogas remains in a gas-holder, special capacity for biogas storage where pressure and composition of gas are leveled.
From a gas-holder there is a continuous supply of gas in gas or dizelno – the gas engine generator which develops heat and the electric power. The capacity can sometimes reach several MWt.
Big biogas installations are equipped under abnormal condition – torch devices if engines/engines don’t work and surplus of biogas is necessary for burning. The gas system can include the fan, a kondensatootvodnik, a desulfalizator etc. All equipment is supervised by the automatic monitoring system of biogas installation.
For management it is enough only 1 worker at 2 o’clock in day. This worker supervises process by means of the ordinary computer and it works at a tractor for biomass giving. After fortnight training the person can work at installation without special skills, i.e. after school or technical school even.
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Cost of the equipment depends on capacity and a complete set and pays off according to needs and wishes of the client.
Average payback period of the project – 1,5 years.
We pay your attention that different institutes and handymen can offer biogas installations. But doesn’t follow, that someone made experiments at your expense.
Under the name biogas installation someone can offer you at all system, and simply capacity without systems of loading, hashing, without gas system, without the generator, without the monitoring system, automatic equipment and safety system. Making of the decision on building of biogas installation, it is necessary to take an interest not only power data, and both structure and functioning of systems.
On Agronom magazine materials.