The short review of a fytosanitory condition of crops is provided in article in 2005. The forecast of development of wreckers for 2006 is given. Degree of injuriousness of myshevidny rodents, gophers, a scoop, a meadow moth, sandy medlyaka on crops is shown. Recommendations about fight against these wreckers are made.
The SHORT REVIEW of the FYTOSANITORY CONDITION of CROPS In 2005 AND the FORECAST of DEVELOPMENT of WRECKERS AND DISEASES In 2006GODU
Myshevidnye rodents
The warm winter of 2005 promoted active reproduction of the myshevidny rodents which factor made 5 i.e. 5 embryos on a female. At such speed the zatravlivaniye of mice chemical preparations appeared the most effective. Myshevidnye rodents wintered well. The death them in the conditions of rewintering made 10 % (by the time of snow thawing). During the summer period population was sharply reduced on fields of long-term herbs, irrigation corn, sunflower. Abnormally dry weather during the summer period promoted change of specific structure of population of rodents. Therefore in the autumn of 2005 house, kurganchikovy, steppe mice have prevailing development.
Rodents are revealed by autumn inspection of 2005 for 32 % of the areas. Average number of colonies on arable lands made the 3rd stake/hectare, on not arable the 4th stake/hectare.
In November – December gradual increase of their number was noted, average number on winter crops made 3-5 goal/hectare.
Considering the above-mentioned, in 2006, the greatest injuriousness of mice it is necessary to expect in Belogorsky, Kirovsk, Krasnogvardeysky, Pervomaisk and Black Sea areas.
Gophers
Favorable conditions within two last years promoted strengthening of injuriousness of gophers in the Prisivashsky zone. Number of holes varied from 3 to 12 on hectare. In other areas gophers noticeably didn’t harm. Early burning out of vegetation in 2005, will promote the lowered intensity of reproduction of gophers in 2006, even in a zone of Sivash.
Podgryzayushchiye scoops.
Under favorable weather conditions during the winter period of a caterpillar winter, wheaten and exclamatory a scoop wintered well. In vegetation injuriousness podgryzayushchy a scoop was noted in crops winter, sunflower, corn, a beet, onions. Owing to very dry hot weather from July to the September, expected lifting of injuriousness and their mass development last year didn’t occur. In 2006, at establishment of favorable conditions, when rewintering and the spring-and-summer period it is possible to expect further lifting of injuriousness podgryzayushchy a scoop.
Fight measures. For number and injuriousness reduction a scoop effective agrotechnical receptions will be: optimum terms of sowing, interrow loosening, destruction of blossoming weeds, cultivation of steam predecessors in a mass yaytsekladka of the wrecker. From biological ways use release trixogrammy in two steps – in a mass yaytsekladka a scoop. In the centers of high number of caterpillars it is necessary to hold chemical protective events preparations: bazudin century e., diazinon k.e. 1-1,5 l/hectares, decis, shtefesin k.e.0,2-0,5 l/hectare, sherpa, arrivo k.e. 0,24-0,32 l/hectares. Processings are better for spending in the evening. An economic threshold of injuriousness of caterpillars in crops of corn, sunflower, potatoes: 3-8, winter wheat 2-3 ekz.kv.m.
Listogryzushchiye scoops.
From listogryzushchy a scoop in the Crimea mass development cotton, garden, tomato, cabbage, lyutsernovy a scoop was noted.
Due to the violation of crop rotations, existence of the raw fields and existence in mass of blossoming weed vegetation, the tendency to increase of injuriousness listogryzushchy a scoop on cabbage, tomatoes, corn, long-term herbs from year to year is noted.
In 2006 under favorable weather conditions of vegetation mass injuriousness listogryzushchy a scoop is expected.
In fight against listogryzushchy scoops from agrotechnical receptions are effective: timely plowing, cultivation, loosening of row-spacings in vegetation. From the biological it is necessary to use release trixogrammy in two terms for fight against the karadriny. Release trixogrammy should be spent to or during the yaytsekladka beginning / the second half of May/. From chemical preparations in fight against listogryzushchy scoops it is possible to use: volaton, bazudin, diazinon, decis.
Meadow moth.
Owing to the developed weather conditions of 2005, development of a meadow moth wasn’t noted. In 2006 its development in the form of the centers at the expense of migration of butterflies from nearby areas of Ukraine is possible.
Corn stem moth. This wrecker in the conditions of the Crimea develops in two generations on corn. Last year development had no it economic value, t.k the first generation was small, the yaytsekladka of the second generation dried under the influence of high temperature. In the released niche in weight developed cotton a scoop with which more than 80 % of plants of corn were populated. During the vegetative period with caterpillars of a stem moth 78 % of the areas of corn (on the average 12 % of stalks, 7 % of ears) were populated.
In 2006, under favorable conditions of rewintering of caterpillars of a corn moth, and also at warm damp weather in an otkladka of eggs, it is necessary to expect increase of injuriousness of the wrecker.
Sandy medlyak.
In vegetation more than 87 % of crops of sunflower were populated sandy the medlyaky. In such areas as Dzhankoysky, Krasnogvardeysky, Kirov number of the wrecker in crops of sunflower made 1,5-2 copies on sq.m.
In 2006 under favorable conditions of rewintering it is necessary to expect notable injuriousness sandy medlyaka.
V. Permyakov, Gosudarstvennoystantsiya’s chief of protection of plants, S. Kindruk, manager. laboratories of a diagnostikiya of forecasts.
P.S. When the present number in edition was imposed the message from the Crimean experimental station of institute of experimental and clinical medicine of the settlement Komsomol, Sadovaya St., 12 arrived and. About existence at this station banteredencita – an effective biological product against myshevidny rodents.