In article there is a speech about bezotvalny main processing of the soil which is carried out by cultivator KU-3 and its updating KU-3A – with simultaneous introduction of liquid mineral fertilizers.
UDC 631
The correct system of processing of the soil – one of effective measures of formation of big crops. In our country and abroad searches of ways of decrease in power consumption of the main processing of the soil, and also reduction of expenses of working hours and funds for its performance are intensively conducted.
Now even more often use new technologies of the main processing of the soil – without a perevertyvaniye of an arable layer, i.e. bezotvalny processing. It provides first of all preservation on a surface of a field of a considerable part of the pozhnivny remains of the predecessor. This technology resource-saving, economic. In EU countries about 50 % of the areas under crops prepare on bezotvalny technology.
On fields of Ukraine bezotvalny main processing of the soil carry out cultivators-ploskorezami KPSh-9, KPSh-5, KPSh-6, KShL-10, KSh-3,6P, etc.
Along with these cars cultivator KU-3 which carries out bezotvalny main processing of the soil on depth to 20 cm during cultivation of grain crops of continuous seeding is worthy. A cultivator developed and put on production of JSC Boguslavskaya selkhoztekhnika.
In the unit advantages of all components of this car harmoniously incorporate. Introduction at a stage of designing and manufacturing of its successful technical solutions, and also cultivator equipment by working bodies of Bellota firm (Spain) promoted it.
The important factor defining reliability, durability and no-failure operation of this cultivator, entrance control of materials which are used for its manufacturing is. Working bodies of a cultivator – the paws made of high-quality thermally processed steel, in pairs located spherical disks-okuchniki and a skating rink. The option of a complete set of a cultivator at which instead of spherical disks-okuchnikov establish the equalizer of a surface of a field is provided.
The design of working bodies allows the unit to work so that irrespective of humidity of the soil and from that, how many remained on a surface of a field of the vegetative remains of the predecessor or sprouted weeds, his sections are never hammered. The requirement in repeated throughout change stops for cleaning of working bodies as it occurs during operation of other cars disappears.
Cost of paws of the Bellota firm established on cultivators KU-3, in comparison with domestic, above approximately for 30-40 %, however their resource in 2,5-3 times is more. So, in the ratio the price quality they considerably advance the domestic.
Use on a cultivator of spherical disks-okuchnikov with the pointed cutting edge provides alignment of a surface of the soil after passing of paws, crushing of the vegetative remains and destruction of weeds.
The skating rink provides constant depth of processing and regulates it. Besides, it also crushes lumps, partially levels and condenses a soil surface and by that creates conditions for moisture pulling up from the bottom layers to the top. Skating rink use in droughty conditions gives the chance to keep most fully moisture from evaporation.
Cultivator KU-3, processing a soil surface, completely prepares it for sowing: respectively condenses, creates optimum conditions for moisture penetration on depth of seal of seeds. At resource-saving technology of the main processing of the soil for sowing grain and cultures of continuous seeding there is a possibility effectively it to use. At this technology performance of two technological operations suffices: disking or lushcheniye of an eddish and bezotvalny processing by this unit. Cost of processing of one hectare thus makes about 65-75 UAH., i.e. in comparison with the main pluzhny processing the economy of means on one hectare makes 85-110 UAH.
Thanks to high technical and operational indicators of work, cultivator use on the main processing of the soil gives the chance to reduce to 40 % energy consumption in comparison with a usual otvalny plowed land. This unit effectively works at depth of processing to 20 see.
Experience of the last years testifies that at cultivation of grain crops only mineral fertilizers which most part bring at the main processing of the soil are used. Economically it is much more favorable to use liquid nitric fertilizers, instead of granulated. There are also other advantages are an introduction of nitrogen in liquid, i.e. form more available to plants that provides the best assimilation by plants of pozhnivny substances for 10-15 %.
One more positive moment – soil disinfection since the considerable part of wreckers postpones larvae in a processed layer.
For this reason cultivator KU-3A which unites soil processing with ecologically safe and effective introduction of liquid mineral fertilizers is worthy. For this purpose not a cultivator two tanks on 600 l everyone and the working equipment of leading Italian producer companies of AnnoviReverberii Arag are established. Fill cultivator tanks from technological capacities of a zapravshchik in the closed mode. The effluence of liquid fertilizers on the soil or their hit parov in the atmosphere is completely excluded.
Supply of mineral fertilizers to working bodies of a cultivator is carried out through the calibrated openings which are placed on each section of a cultivator that provides uniformity of introduction on width of capture of the unit. Process of introduction of liquid mineral fertilizers proceeds under the pressure of 4-6 atm., which creates the pump batcher. Its drive in action is carried out from a skating rink. This scheme of a drive provides stable norm of application of fertilizers irrespective of change of speed of movement of the unit. Use of cutting adaptations which work in case of reduction of working pressure to 0,7 atm., and also during stops and turns, excludes a solution effluence that does the unit economic and ecologically safe and puts cultivator KU-3A in one number of cars of new generation.
V. Marchenko, Century of Opalko.
(On materials of the magazine of Propozits_ya).