Weapon action!
In article efficiency of application fungicidov against mushroom diseases of grain crops is described. Besides, recommendations about use of the most applied preparations are made.
And the enemy runs!.
The description of diseases and wreckers which can appear on crops of grain crops in connection with increase of positive temperatures is provided in this article. Besides, recommendations about fight against these diseases and wreckers are made.
About five years ago diseases of grain crops were shown periodically, depending on weather conditions
About five years ago diseases of grain crops were shown periodically, depending on weather conditions. The last three years, irrespective of weather, they are shown regularly and widely at different stages of development of plants. It leads to considerable yield losses and decrease in quality of grain.
WEAPON ACTION!
Grain diseases there is a lot of reasons of mass defeats of crops. Most important – violation of requirements of technologies of cultivation and non-compliance with crop rotations: grain in the Crimea actually are a monoculture. Not the last role in emergence of diseases is played by application of means of protection of plants of poor quality, including the cheap counterfeit and illicit not certificated protravitel. Application of the same herbicides conducts to a stress and weakening of plants, and, naturally, they easily are surprised diseases. Often, having saved on a protravitel or herbicide, farmers receive less a considerable part of a crop.
Many agricultural producers shouldn’t be persuaded any more to apply fungicidy on grain crops. Though it is financially expensive agroreception, but without it now it is impossible to receive big crops. It is not necessary to forget also that the majority of the existing zoned grades of grain crops are intended for intensive technology. The intensive technology consists not only in application of a significant amount of mineral fertilizers. It provides as the massed application of means of protection of plants: protravitel, herbicides, fungicidov, stimulators and growth regulators.
Generally grain crops are surprised mealy dew, various rusts and pyatnistost, septoriozy (mass defeat as leaves, and stalk and an ear recently is observed), root gnilyami. If not to accept timely measures, it is possible to lose all crop.
Problem of diseases can remove fungicidy: in the spring processing by them is better for combining with application of herbicides, then, if necessary, during vegetation of processing repeat, they can be combined with application of insecticides.
The most important task at application fungicidov – preservation of the sheet device, and, especially, flag leaf.
In the Crimea, thanks to application fungicidov, a number of farms achieves productivity on bogare do50 c/hectare. One will see off on two spring processings, others have experience of application fungicidov on crops grain in the autumn.
General characteristic of the most applied fungicidov:
* Impakt (25 % the concentrate of suspension of production "Keminova", Denmark), is fungitsidy system action. Active ingredient – flutriafol (group triazolov) quickly moves ahead on a plant in which can remain till 8 weeks, getting and in those its parts which developed after processing, protecting thus new escapes. Has some fumigantny action. Norm of application – 0,5 l on 1 hectare. The preparation possesses stop effect and preventively operates on activators of mealy dew, septorioza, a stem rust, fuzarioza and root decayed. Two processings during the season are recommended: the first – at the beginning of an exit phase in a tube, the second – between phases of emergence of a flag leaf and the kolosheniye beginning.
* Falkon (46 % the concentrate of an emulsion of production "Bayer", Germany) – new system fungicid, possesses preventive and medical action with good stop effect. Thanks to availability of three active ingredients has a wide range of activity, long action, well mixes up with herbicides. Norm of application – 0,6 l/hectares, it is possible to apply to the 2nd times during the season. It is applied from emergence of shoots before the completion of flowering of culture against fuzariozov, mealy dew, septorioza leaves and an ear, brown and other types of rusts, rinosporioza, a mesh spottiness. In recommended doses it is safe for bees.
* Bayleton (25 % a moistened powder of production "Bayer", Germany) – the system preparation, which active ingredient (tridimefon from group triazolov) has ability to move on plant akropetalno (from below up), has protective, medical and antisporulyantny effect. It is applied against mealy dew, rusts and septorioza. Norm of application: 0,5-1,0 kg/hectares.
* Derozal (50 % a concentrate of suspension of production "Bayer", Germany) – fungicid system action. Optimum term of application – from the beginning of a phase of a kushcheniye to a phase of the second interstice. It is applied on grain as a protravitel against golovnevy diseases and gnily, and on a leaf during vegetation against root gnily, pleseny, mealy dew, septorioza. Norm of application of 0,5-1,0 l/hectares.
* Rex Duo (a concentrate of an emulsion of "BASF", Germany) – fungicid system action. Incorporates two active ingredients, perfectly supplementing each other. Term of protective action reaches 6 weeks. The preparation quickly moves, including from below up, and protects all plant. The norm of an expense of 0,4-0,6 l/hectares, is applied against pyatnistosty, mealy dew, rusts, septorioza leaves.
The listed preparations at the correct and timely application will allow farmers to solve a problem of fight against diseases of grain crops, to keep and increase a crop.
Practically all firms – producers fungicidov consider as the most optimum a land way of introduction fungicidov, with norm of a consumption of working solution on the average to 300 l/hectares. If there is an aviaprocessing question, it is better to apply helicopters with the greatest possible consumption of working solution. It is not recommended to bring fungicidy ultromaloobjemny and low-volume in the ways – efficiency of preparations sharply decreases or the expected result won’t be. The it is more spent working solution, the work fungicidy better.
According to the conclusion of scientists and practicians, in warm winter 2007-2008 there was very big increase of mushroom diseases on winter crops. So fungitsidny processing will be solving in crop formation.
A.ZHOVTENKY,
manager of JSC Company Rayz.
AND THE ENEMY RUNS!.
Due to the increase of positive temperatures everywhere in crops of winter grain crops a food of larvae of the grain ground beetle renewed. The bulk of this wrecker is in the second age – 90 %, in the first – 5 %, in the third – 5 %. Injuriousness of the ground beetle will proceed till first decade of April (to an exit of plants in a tube).
Inspection of crops grain in an autonomy showed that the grain ground beetle is populated on the area of 7,0 thousand hectares. It is necessary for agricultural producers to take under special kontrolneobrabotanny, but the areas of winter crops populated with these wrecker.
Against the grain ground beetle at an economic threshold of injuriousness (EPV 0,5-1ݬº/sq.m), it is necessary to hold protective events preparations:
On shoots: On vegetation:
Bazudin 600 century e., 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Damascus century e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares,
Diazinon k.e., 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Nurell D k.e.-0, 75-1,0 l/hectares,
Diazol 60 century e., 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Dragoon k.e.-1,2 l/hectares,
Parachute 450 mk.s 0,5-0,75 l/hectares, Fostran k.e.-1,5 l/hectares,
Practician k.e., 1,5-1,8 l/hectares; Cyclone k.e.-0,1-0,15 l/hectares
Sharp differences of temperatures and availability of drop moisture during the spring period will promote manifestation of root gnily, mealy dew, gelmintosporioza, a brown sheet rust, septorioza on the winter. From above-mentioned listostebelny diseases the greatest fear is caused by the root decayed, as in the centers of their manifestation at plants emergence of secondary root system is noted.
For improvement of the soil, removal of an infection and at identification of a physiological pozhelteniye of crops of winter barley carrying out preventive processings fungicidami, carried out taking into account a temperature mode is recommended.
At temperature from + 7oS to +8oS it is necessary to apply Fundazol of 50 % for page of item of 0,5 kg/hectares. At temperature from +14oS to + 16oS Impakt of 25 % of page of the item, Alto-super of 33 % k.e are applied., Amistar Extra 280 k.s., Derozal k.s., Rex of 49 % k.e., Tilt 250 k.e. 0,5 l/hectares. These preparations of a wide range of action, are applied against a complex of diseases.
Due to the high potential contamination of fields, germination of a significant amount of weed vegetation, including annual and long-term cereals, and also the plants included in the list of quarantine objects on the Crimean region is expected.
At insufficient protection of crops of grain crops against weed vegetation agricultural producers lose 10-20 % of a crop, and on very littered areas of loss increase in 1,5-2 times.
Weeds in an early phase of development when their suppression needs the minimum dose of a preparation are most sensitive to herbicides. The maximum dose is used in that case when on fields types steady against herbicides or the weeds being in late phases of development prevail.
At prevalence of annual two-submultiple weeds crops are necessary for processing at the beginning of a kushcheniye. At prevalence of long-term korneotpryskovy weeds – in a phase of a full kushcheniye, long-term cereal and korneotpryskovy – before crops.
For fight against weed vegetation a large amount of herbicides is offered, and their range is constantly improved. To apply herbicides it is necessary on the basis of cards of an operative contamination of fields taking into account economic thresholds of injuriousness of weeds, placement of cultures in a crop rotation and their economic use. At selection of preparations it is necessary to consider sensitivity to them separate types of weeds and crops.
On winter grain spraying by herbicides is necessary for carrying out, since the most developed crops from a phase of a kushcheniye and to an exit phase in a tube.
Herbicides on the basis of tribenuron-methyl of 75 % softer and highly effective. They can be applied at the lowered temperatures, since +50S: Granstar, 75 % of century of, Atlant of century of, Grozny century of, Gersotil century of, Mercury of century of.
Herbicides on a basis metsulfuron-marked 60 %: Gerbilan of page of the item, Laren of 60 % for item page, Battle ship, century of, Saratsin item page, Range of page of the item.
At temperature +180S and more on the developed crops it is possible to bring any herbicide.
Processing of the crops being in the weakened condition after the winter period, we recommend to see off with addition of growth factors, such as Emistim, Mars, Vermisol that will soften a stressful condition of a cultural plant after processing.
At addition to herbicides super – class Mochevin-K1 and Mochevin-K2 fertilizers weak escapes will be tightened to level of the strong. In grain the maintenance of a gluten will increase, and the increase by a crop will make from 5 c/hectares to double productivity (at dry winds).
For increase of efficiency of processing of crops from diseases and weeds, we recommend to use the combined mixes of herbicides on the basis of two – three active ingredients and fungicida (lateral mixes). Bakovye should prepare mixes directly ahead of processing, strictly observing safety measures.
We recommend the following lateral mixes:
The cowboy of 40 % of century of river (60 ml/hectares) + Granstar75 of %, century of (10 ml/hectares) +Alto 400 SC of century to. (0,15-
0,2 l/hectares);
Kross16,4 %, century of (50 ml/hectares) +granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) +Impakt 25 %, k.s. (0,5 kg/hectares);
Lintur of 70 %, century of (75úÓ/hectare) + Mercury of century of (10 úÓ/hectare) + Fundazol of 50 % for item page (0,5 kg/hectares);
Logran75 %, century of (6ú/hectare) +Banvel 4S 480 SL.v of river to. (0,15 l/hectares) +ReksTt.k.s. (0,5-0,75 kg/hectares);
Banvel of 4S 480 SL.v.r.k. (0,15 l/hectares) +Laren 60 % of page of the item (5 úÓ/hectare) + Topsin of M of page of the item (1,0 kg/hectares).
Compound of herbicides, various active ingredients on structure doesn’t cause emergence in weeds of stability to them.
V. PERMYAKOV,
chief of the State inspection
protection of plants of AR Crimea.
ALEKSEEVA,
deputy chief of the State inspection
protection of plants of AR Crimea.