In article there is a speech about development of the new direction in animal husbandry – receiving transgene animals.
Ernst L.
In 2003 50 years were executed from the moment of opening by Watson and Shout of molecular structure of a gene that is the largest achievement in the biology, begun the biotechnology including genetic and cellular engineering.
Now the direction – receiving transgene animals, cages and which bodies are suitable for a ksenotransplantatsiya (change to the person) develops. In the VIZhA biotechnological center researches hozyaystvenno useful and biological signs of pigs into which genome the rileasing-factor gene somatotropina which raises level of a hormone of growth in an organism is integrated are carried out. This type of transgene pigs is characterized by the accelerated growth in later stages of development (after achievement of live weight of 120 kg), the smaller content of fat in a touch. These animals also differ the raised immunogenicity, at vaccination at them level of antibodies essentially above.
Essential achievement is receiving transgene rabbits with the integrated gene of anti-semantic RNA of a virus of leukosis. During eight generations these animals at infection with their virus of leukosis don’t fall ill with this illness, control animals are surprised for 100 %. Now it is necessary to receive a task cattle with integrated this design. Well-known, what huge distribution has leukosis. Attempt of creation of a vaccine didn’t crown success. Creation of transgene cattle can solve this most difficult problem with this gene. Integration of anti-semantic RNA to other viruses will allow to create the populations which are genetically steady against these virus diseases.
Works on receiving transgene animals – producers of biologically active substances for medicine are conducted. It is possible to assume with confidence that in the short term the animal husbandry along with production of the most valuable food becomes branch of pharmaceutical industry. Cows, pigs are already received, sheep and rabbits who produce and allocate with milk valuable medical preparations – eritropoetin and the koloniyestimuliruyushchy factor demanded in oncology.
Researches and development on receiving animals, bodies and which cages should be suitable for a ksenotransplantatsiya are carried out. Now detailed studying of the immunological status of these animals is carried out. Production of transgene animals is regularly checked and is recognized absolutely safe and qualitative.
New DNA technologies which allow to estimate a genotype of agricultural animals with a fine precision are developed. The genome analysis on the basis of studying of microsatellites allows to lift selection on higher level. The system of the analysis of a number of DNA markers of selection and significant signs of efficiency of animals, stability to stresses, fertility, quality of production is developed, etc.
The large section of biotechnology is the cellular engineering. Researches on fertilisation of ova of cattle are carried out to VIZhE out of an organism. Artificially impregnated cages which have reached stages blastotsist, can become a material for expansion of base of transplantation of early embryos of the most valuable breeding individuals.
In the course of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization (a rabbit of × the sheep, a pig of × a horse, etc.) are received steady populations of hybrid cages. Interesting quality of some types of hybrid cages, in particular, a rabbit of × the sheep is that they are to a lesser extent torn away, getting to an organism of other look, in particular the person. There is use possibility, for example, hybrid cages – insulin producers for treatment of the people sick with diabetes. With use of genetic transformation cultures of cages which produce interferon, anti-genes of a virus of hepatitis B, a virus of leukosis of animals are received, etc. A number of hybrid cages appeared perspective for the subsequent use in medicine.
Speaking about transgene animals, it is necessary to note that they are characterized by big scope of genetic variability that allows to make more effectively selection in the course of selection.
In summary it is necessary to emphasize that selections of agricultural animals genetic and cellular engineering will play a vsevozrastayushchy role.
(On Zootekhny magazine materials).