Sustainable development of rural territories of Poland

In article it is noted that having entered EU, Poland was included into group of the countries in which level of support of agricultural industry is one of the highest in the world. Besides, the uniform agricultural policy is directed not only on support of development of agricultural industry. It provides support of a sustainable development of rural territories (PRST) and the sector operative program (SOP).

The uniform agricultural policy (ESP) was entered by the European Economic Union 25 mar­ta Was recognized 1957 that agricultural industry yav­lyaetsya the sector very sensitive and demanding the special relation, and as the most suyoshchestvenny purposes proclaimed the following: stabilization of the market agricultural pro­duktov and maintenance of a reasonable price level on a proyodovolstviye; guarantee of safety of deliveries; providing the corresponding standard of life to the persons working in agricultural industry, and sblizheyony level of the income agricultural rabotni­kov with level of the income in other areas of economy; regulation of level of employment in a selyyosky economy; coordination of vocational training and scientific researches; distribution of agricultural knowledge; advance of consumption of separate selskokhoyozyaystvenny products.

Thus providing an appropriate level of life of rural dwellers and providing consumers with quality products at reasonable prices are priority. Therefore this policy starts with the following three principles:

1. Uniform domestic market.

2. Joint international politi­ki in trade in agricultural products at the simultaneous offer of personal products.

3. Financial solidarity within the budgetary discipline accepted at level of EU.

For the purpose of integration of agrarian sector of the first 15 EU countries into uniform space custom duties and quantitative barriers in trade between them were liquidated, obstacles for a free modulation of the capitals and services are liquidated. Ustanovyolena uniform duties and a trade policy concerning the third countries. Are pulled together legislative siste­my. The uniform agricultural budget ES-15 making in separate years to a half of the objeyodinenny budget, is used on uniform pravi­lam, in every possible way stimulating development of an agrarian proizyovodstvo in favorable agricultural zones.

During disease processes of a kontsentyoratsiya of production on large-scale private farms, movings in space of a number of productions, and also a conclusion from production of inefficient feryomer, etc., European Soyoyuz’s agricultural industry from shattered and unproductive by the end of the XX century turned into modern branch. For the last quarter of the century the average size of feryomersky farms grew from 4,5 hectares to 7,4 hectares, and volume of production increased more than in 2,1 times.

The Polish agricultural industry, making not boyoly 3 % of GNP and possessing very low proizvoditelyyonost, in comparison with old EU countries, is­polzuet 18 % of labor. On the area of selskoyokhozyaystvenny grounds (15,3 million hectares) Poland zani­maet the third place in EU after France and Spain. In Poland 1 888 million thousands rural hoyozyaystvo, from which 80,4 % with agricultural holdings less than 10 hectares is registered. More than a half of farms the potrebleyoniya and only about 20 % of the farms having of more than 10 hectares of lands makes production for own, receive from agricultural activity not less than a half of total income.

To the accession to EU Poland podderzhiva­las the European Union. The big role was played by the SAPARD program for a dofinansirovaniye of local projects of development in which three directions are allocated:

– investments into agricultural enterprises, first of all, specializing on zhivotnoyovodchesky production, for the purpose of strengthening of their communications with pererabotchik, improvement of quality of milk, a nayorashchivaniye of production of beef, pork and bara­niny; reduction of harmful effects of a zhivotnovodyostvo by environment, economy of energy;

– development of technical infrastructure, including water and sewer network, cleaning and waste recycling, provincial roads, telephone system, power sources;

– improvement of processing and distribution of the selyyoskokhozyaystvenny goods and fish products.

Having entered EU, Poland was included into group of the countries in which level of support of agricultural industry is one of the highest in the world.

Uniform agricultural policy naprav­lena not only on support of development of agricultural industry. It provides support ustojchivo­go developments of rural territories, which realizu­etsya within the Development program of rural terriyotoriya (PRST) and the Sector operative program (SOP), including:

– direct support of the selskokhozyayyostvenny income (direct surcharges);

– interventions in the market for the purpose of deduction of the prices, no less than the development program of rural territoyoriya (for example, support of low-commodity farms, environmental protection programs).

Thanks to the mechanisms of intervention policy stabilizing purchase prices at opyoredelenny European level, Polish krest­yane received higher and stable prices for the production.

One only change of the prices of realization of a selkhozyoproduktsiya allows to raise essentially the income of rural workers – to level 2/3 from average about the country a salary.

In 2004-2006 receipts of considerable means from structural funds and other aid programs of EU on podderzh­ku the Polish village of nearly 14 billion give euro/year also notable result.

As a whole it plays large role in acceleration of development of agrarian production and increase urov­nya lives of rural population, allows podgoto­vitsya to transition to more liberal market relations in agrarian sector of economy with the third countries in the conditions of membership in the World toryogovy Organization.