New progressive technologies of preparation and a skarmlivaniye of forages are given in article. The short characteristic of mixers cattlefeeders is given.
UDC 631
Skilled cattle breeders argue that efficiency of herd only on a third depends on breed of cows and on two thirds of their feeding and contents.
The special attention is deserved by a technique of feeding of animals which is based on the correct calculation of requirement for sterns. The basis of feeding of animals is the balanced forage on protein and nutrients.
Traditional (read – obsolete) methods of preparation and preparation of forages have many shortcomings: high power expenses, construction and support of the equipment and production rooms in working condition, big losses of forages, low accuracy of dispensing and bad quality of preparation of mixes.
Until recently the capital equipment for distribution kormosmesy an animal were, and in many cases and remain, KTU-10 mixers. This equipment completely fulfilled for today both physically, and morally.
At the present stage preparation of forages is reduced generally to three operations: crushing of rough forages; moistening, thermal processing and flattening of grain weight; preparation of a polnoratsionny forage by mixing of various components, including albuminous, vitamin, mineral additives.
Optimum extent of crushing of green herbs, senazha, hay, a silo it is considered crushing before receiving weight which contains 10 % of particles in size to 18 mm, 70 % – 19-25 mm and 20 % – 25-40 mm. This task kormosmesitel also should solve. All modern models of mixers cattlefeeders, first of all, are intended for high-quality mixing of components.
Technologically all modern models, both domestic, and foreign, have a part of similar elements. The first, is a conic form of the bunker. The second, hashing of weight is made by means of cutting shneka (shnekov). All existing mixers cattlefeeders can be divided conditionally on "horizontal" and "vertical".
One mixer, depending on its cubic capacity, is capable to serve more than 1000 heads of KRS in one day. At a full load it completely pays off in 5-6 months.
Kormosmesiteli with vertical placement, as a rule, have one shnek for mixing which is protected from an overload. Use of similar equipment, by results of comparative tests, allows to increase to 20-25 % economy of forages (at the expense of more complete absorption of all components of a diet), to 30 % to increase dairy and meat efficiency of herd.
Mixers cattlefeeders with horizontal placement of two or three shnekov have extremely strong design. The most complete mixing of concentrates and a rough material and receiving homogeneous weight promotes the most complete eating of a forage of scotomas.
Very important characteristic of the car is a system of weighing. On modern models systems of exact loading of components with a mistake to one kg are established.
The equipment of new generation from CIS countries concedes to foreign samples a little, however as a whole can well carry out all necessary operations.
So, JSC Kalitvaselmash (Russia) lets out some years "AKM-9". This unit is used for reception on weight of forages, crushing of rough forages in bales, rolls and their mixing. After loading of necessary quantity of one type of a forage the unit moves to the following storage and is loaded by sterns of other look. On the completion of loading, during movement to a place of delivery there is a hashing and crushing of weight of a forage to a necessary consistence. At a full load, and it is about 3000 kg, only seven minutes to finish a fodder mix to a necessary condition are necessary for the unit. Besides, in connection with the additional equipment the unit can crush and cover with a laying a stall, scatter straw from fodder passes on distance to 10 m.
The Russian producers of this equipment offer the weigher only as an additional option while for foreign analogs it is a base complete set.
Possibilities of modern mixers cattlefeeders are rather great. They can independently load (by the way, this function is present only at cars with horizontal placement shnekov) a silo, hay, straw and other forages, and to do it accurately according to earlier specified diet.
Use of mobile mixers allows to reduce considerably losses from losses of forages in case of poor-quality mixing or violation of a compounding of preparation of a forage. It will allow not only to reduce incidence of cattle, and and to increase quality and quantity of production.
R. Kuzmenchuk.
(On magazine materials Agrobusiness today)