Article proves need of service providing MTP for plant growing and animal husbandry.
UDC 631
Field service in agricultural industry provides performance of necessary amount of works directly on production – in the field, a garden, on a farm, etc. Now the network of services isn’t developed, the nomenclature of services isn’t defined. The main objective of field service consists in providing working conditions of agricultural producers, safe performance of technological operations, continuous work of cars and mechanisms, readiness of equipment, health of animals, receiving qualitative production. The problem consists as in a condition and structure of mobile means for service providing, and in a technical condition of objects on which services, conditions of their granting are directed.
The plant growing is characterized by use different in the area of a plowed land of ground grounds. So, on the average in Ukraine on 01.01.2005g. it was the share of one farm 80ga arable lands. At the same time scientific researches testify that for the most complete use of equipment, production and a manpower, the economy in most cases should have not less 300-400ga ground grounds. The observable tendency to increase in the farmland of farms is objective and positive.
Owing to low level of security of agricultural enterprises material means don’t carry out separate technological operations. The general losses of agricultural producers connected with shortage and a low technical condition of cars, on a shortage of a crop make over 30 %, on fuel consumption – about 15 %. The deterioration of existing park of agricultural cars exceeds 80 %, the resource of cars is fulfilled not once. Load of tractors, combine harvesters and other cars increased in 1,5-2 times.
In such conditions the special attention of agricultural producers should be given to maintenance and equipment repair by its preparation for a season of field works.
For implementation of technical service directly on places of work of agricultural machinery use various mobile means. For performance in the field of works on periodic maintenance (TO-1) of tractors, combines and other agricultural machinery use the maintenance unit.
For elimination of refusals which are rather widespread phenomenon at a current state of agricultural machinery, determination of volumes of necessary works and the nomenclature of spare parts which are subject to replacement, uses diagnostic laboratories. Certain amount of works, replacement of knots and details which failed, carry out in repair shops.
In a case when by means of mobile means to eliminate malfunction of agricultural cars it is impossible, them deliver to repair by means of the wrecker.
Refueling of agricultural cars by fuel, water, oils is carried out mainly once in change and in case of the remote arrangement of warehouses fuels and lubricants or their absence in an economy, fuel to places of works deliver by means of fuelling cars or the mechanized refueling units.
Mobile means for maintenance of agricultural cars find application at all stages of agricultural production. Their use allows to support equipment in an efficient condition during all term of carrying out agricultural works, to reduce an idle time of agricultural cars on servicing and elimination of refusals that promotes more accurate observance of agrotechnical terms of works and reduction of losses when harvesting. Besides, the equipment of the mentioned units in special capacities for plum of the fulfilled liquids allows to carry out maintenance in the places which have not been equipped with treatment facilities without drawing of harm to environment.
In animal husbandry maintenance is directed on MTP which provides a kormoproizvodstvo and the equipment which is carrying out technological operations.
Carrying out zooveterinary actions on cattle-breeding and poultry-farming farms can be executed only with application of the appropriate mobile means.
During the whole period of production of agricultural products on fields, near equipment or without it, there are producers of agricultural products and consequently the problem of their service providing which consists of delivery of workers to a place of works and back, creations of sanitary living conditions, catering services in field conditions should be solved, etc.
Mechanisms and vehicles create a certain danger to life and human health in case of non-compliance with safety rules. Therefore the state created the relevant services of supervision of a technical condition of agricultural machinery, traffic safety on roads of different categories and labor protection on all objects where use wage labor.
For effective work these services should be provided with the special cars equipped with the special equipment and adaptations.
Existing vehicles for service ensuring productions are characterized, as a rule, by an obsolescence as bases, and processing equipment, and at the majority of new models base chassis don’t answer conditions of agricultural production (use of the pochvosberegayushchy dvizhetel, the increased passableness, etc.).
For the purpose of unification and streamlining of park of autotractor means (automatic telephone exchange) of agrarian and industrial complex, ensuring functioning of all links of productions in agricultural industry institute UGKTI "Agrotrans" developed the nomenclature and a type of funds for the chassis of cars for service providing, the main engineering requirements which are starting with their functional purpose are defined.
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).