In article it is a question of features of feeding of cattle during the winter period. Rational use of forages considerably depends on their preparation for a skarmlivaniye. In dairy cattle breeding especially important increase of use of nutrients in increase in efficiency of animals in the winter is. The rough diet for dairy cows is offered.
Indispensable component of a winter diet – kitchen salt. In the absence of it in "menu" of animals in them dairy efficiency decreases to 20 %.
The special attention in article is given to active physical exercise and walks in the open air for all types and adult groups of animals.
FEATURES of WINTER FEEDING the BIG
In the current year insufficient providing with sterns of branch of animal husbandry is observed. Therefore successful wintering of dumb animals depends on many interconnected factors.
In dairy cattle breeding especially important increase of efficiency of use of nutrients in increase efficiency of animals in the winter is.
Cows with the annual 3000 kg will bother at the balanced feeding for the winter 23-24 c of fodder units (k.ed are necessary.), with 4000 kg – 29-30 will bother, and with 5000 kg – about 34 c k.ed will bother. But because of shortage of high-quality forages and deficiency in them of a protein and sugar the need for sterns for a cow raises for 10-12 %. With improvement of quality of forages and at increase of productivity of animals of an expense of forages considerably decrease.
Rational use of forages considerably depends on their preparation for a skarmlivaniye. Soft and gentle hay, a silo and senazh feed Melkotravnoye to cattle without preparation. Roughly stebelny, perestoyanny hay and straw crush, a sechka moisten with water, zaparivayut and mix with the juicy or concentrated sterns that considerably increases their eating.
Koreneploda the adult cattle can give whole, and to young growth – crushed, but first of all them well wash. Bakhchevye before a skarmlivaniye crush and feed the crude.
Grain forages and oil cake before a skarmlivaniye crush. The ground grain for 12-18 % is digested better. The size of parts for adult cattle – 1,5-2 mm, for calfs – is less than 1 mm. Expedient also plyushcheny grains.
Because of limitation of fodder resources, in particular concentrates and the hay, an essential reserve of improvement of conditions of feeding of cattle is rational use low-nutritious, but the cheapest forage – straw. During the stall period both in big, and in farmer or personal farms of the population it is possible to use the least power-intensive cheap methods and ways of preparation of straw to a skarmlivaniye as in an unprepared look it low-nutritious, is badly eaten by animals, in general it is spent irrationally.
Here some ways of preparation of straw to a skarmlivaniye:
1. Straw to crush on a part in size of 3-5 cm, to moisten with the warm added some salt water and to flavor with concentrates, it is better zaparenny.
2. The crushed straw to moisten with the added some salt water, to strew with concentrates, to mix with a silo or the crushed beet, a beer pellet.
Nutrients of forages are used most effectively when they arrive in an organism, at the same time and in optimum ratios. Separately from other forages it is possible to feed only hay, and straw, a silo, concentrates, koreneplody, it is necessary to give treacle, mineral additives and other components in the form of the kormosmesy. It assists increase efficiency of animals. If it is impossible to prepare kormosmesi, it is possible to recommend such mode of a skarmlivaniye of forages: in the morning and in the evening, and also after the compelled breaks give hay, straw, senazh, in the afternoon – juicy (a silo, a beet), the concentrated forages are desirable for distributing evenly.
Norms of feeding of cattle and diets of different age and physiological groups should be differentiated. When feeding sukhostoyny cows the main objective consists in ensuring normal development of a fruit, creation of an optimum stock of a protein, mineral substances, microcells and the vitamins necessary for an organism of an animal after otela.
During start of cows change frequency and feeding time. When it doesn’t help, reduce a feeding level. For this purpose at first from a diet exclude juicy forages, then concentrates, and sometimes hay replace with straw.
Right after start cows are given about 80 % of average norm of fodder units. In the second decade of the sukhostoyny period norm of feeding lead up to 100 %, in the third and the fourth – to 120 %. Before otely it again reduce. The last decade lead up to 60-70 % from average (7-8 fodder units) norms that before otely the digestive path wasn’t overflowed.
Feed stylish sukhostoyny cows 2-3 times per day and provide with many water. In day otela to a cow give in plenty qualitative hay and to 1,5 buckets of the warm added some salt water. For the second and third day to hay add 1,0-1,5 kg of the concentrated forages in the form of swill. Then to a diet gradually include other forages so that for the 15th day after otela the cow received their full norm. At an udder inflammation a dose of forages don’t increase before normalization its fortunes. Young animals of the first and the second otela and to cows below average fatness are given in addition forages on growth and fatness increase.
Razdaivat cows begin about 20-25 days after otela and carry out within 2-3 months of a lactation. One of the main conditions of a successful razdaivaniye – gradual increase in a fodder dose, according to a condition of an udder and digestive organs.
Advance forages at a razdaivaniye at the rate on 4-6 kg of milk over actual nadoya. Advancing of forages lasts up to increase nadoya.
After a razdaivaniye of cows to the planned efficiency feeding organize so that the reached level held on whenever possible more long. Not less often than twice a month in a lactation diets for dairy cows should be corrected, according to their efficiency with gradual reduction of a dose of the concentrated forages.
At high-quality voluminous sterns a dose konckormov reduce. It is important, that the diet was balanced on a protein of which a diet on each fodder unit is necessary to give on the average 100-120 g.
Solid in a diet of high-efficiency forages there should be no more than 3,5-4,5 kg on 100 kg of live weight.
Indispensable component of a winter diet of cattle – kitchen salt. If it isn’t present in "menu" of animals, in them dairy efficiency decreases to 20 %. Give salt in a rassypny look, strewing with it a silo or enter into structure of the concentrated forages or in the form of a lizunets.
Active physical exercise and walks in the open air, except days and hard frosts, for all types and age groups of animals is means of strengthening and organism improvement, efficiency increase. Average duration of physical exercise for adult animals – 3-4 hours per 1-2 receptions. It is necessary to accustom animals to physical exercise gradually from early age, increasing its duration.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).