Shortly at grain-growers there will come a responsible and intense time – cleaning grain. Among a set of tasks which are solved by heads, experts, machine operators on the eve of a harvest, it is impossible to forget and about such important of them, as creation of safe working conditions and reliable safety of a crop from fires. Therefore it is necessary to remind of the main requirements of safety measures at work on combine harvesters and fire-prevention actions for safety of a grain yield of cultures.
Before the beginning of harvest works should be held such organizatsionyony events:
- preparation of harvest and transport units is complete;
- the equipment is fixed to workers;
- links of maintenance of cars are organized;
- on the taken-away sites field camps and vacation spots of workers, platforms for storage of equipment and combustive-lubricating materials are equipped;
- fields are prepared and sagging of wires of power lines is checked;
- it is instructed on labor protection and fire safety.
It is necessary to observe the general safety requirements:
- persons are allowed to work on the combine not more young 18 years having the certificate of the tractor operator – the driver;
- before the work beginning the combine operator is obliged to put on overalls, a headdress and, if necessary, goggles;
- it is impossible to change clothes near rotating details of mechanisms;
- it is forbidden to establish additional seats on the combine;
- check of a condition of sites of fields, breakdown on shelters, carrying out prokosov, obkosov etc. to make during daylight hours;
- it is forbidden to start management of the combine in a condition at least easy alcoholic intoxication.
Before the beginning of work it is necessary to check a technical condition of the combine and to make adjustment of the main knots.
At service of the combine it is necessary to observe the following security measures:
- works on service to carry out at the muffled engine;
- in operating time under a harvester it is necessary to block the crane of hydrocylinders of lifting of a harvester and to establish it on the special supports providing steady and safe situation. It is forbidden to use for supports boxes, stones, bricks, details of cars, etc.;
- to clear cutting device follows special chistikami;
- it is obligatory to make change of a knife in mittens, holding only a back part of a knife;
- during connection of the case of a harvester it is forbidden to people to be on the inclined chamber, and also between the inclined chamber and a harvester;
- during carrying out maintenance of harvesters and transport units in a night-time artificial illumination of platforms should be provided;
- filling of combines by fuel, water and oil is made at night for work only at natural light. In case of the compelled filling at night it is necessary to use a portable electric lamp and lighting from other combine, the car, etc.
Extra care is necessary for showing at transport moving and to operating time directly in the field. In a field and in movement on roads to anybody, except the combine operator, it is not authorized to be on a combine harvester.
During moving vygruzny shneki and other working bodies of harvesters should be transferred to transport situation. A distance between cars – not less than 50 m.
At movement on the highway in the afternoon on the ends of a harvester of the combine it is necessary to establish precautionary red tags, and at night – red alarm bulbs.
At approach to an unprotected railway crossing it is necessary to reduce speed of movement and, without reaching 10 m to the closest rail of a railway way, to stop and be convinced of lack of a train coming nearer to moving. To move through moving follows with speed of 3-4 km/h, thus to switch transfer it is not authorized. When towing combines to apply only a rigid tow which length shouldn’t exceed 4 m.
Before the work beginning the combine operator should receive a task and a route of movement of the combine from the head of a site, to familiarize with all features of works on rough sites and abrupt slopes. The most admissible bias at work on a slope shouldn’t exceed 15 degrees.
It is necessary to provide combines with wooden shovels for pushing through of packed grain in bunkers to vygruzny shneku, and also strong wooden linings for jack installation.
During cleaning of grain, leguminous and krupyany crops it is necessary to adhere to the fire safety regulations stated in section 7.9 1. DNAOP 0. 01.1. 01-04. Here some of them.
All harvest equipment should be equipped with serviceable iskrotushitel, is equipped with primary fire extinguishing means (combines and tractors – two fire extinguishers, two bayonet shovels, two sweepers). Combine operators, tractor operators, their assistants and other persons involved on works on harvesting, should pass fire-prevention instructing.
Cases of combines should be equipped with an earthing metal chain which concerns the earth.
The harvest equipment is necessary for checking regularly on density of connection of an exhaust pipe with a branch pipe of a final collector and a collector with the engine block. In case of emergence of signs a probitiya of laying work should be stopped before their replacement.
In a wax maturity grain fields in places of their prileganiye to forests, automobile and to the railways, should be obkosheny (with cleaning mown) and opaxany a strip not less than 4 m in width.
Before a mowing no more than 50 hectares are necessary to break grain massifs into sites in the area. Between sites it is necessary to do prokosy not less than 8 m in width. Slanted bread with prokosov needs to be cleaned immediately. In the middle prokosov the propakhanny strip not less than 4 m in width becomes.
Temporary field camps 100 m from grain massifs, currents, ricks, etc. are necessary to have not closer. Platforms of field camps and zernotokov opaxat strip not less than 4 m in width.
Directly on the grain massif in the area over 25 hectares from which ubiraetsya a crop, it is necessary to have on call a tractor with a plow on a fire case. It is necessary to turn on specialized cars in structure of harvest and transport groups with pumps (vodorazdatchik and other), adapted for suppression of fires grain.
In cleaning it is forbidden szhigayony eddishes, the postharvest remains and cultivation of fires on fields.
Work of harvest equipment without cowls or with open cowls isn’t authorized. By cars which have no cowls, the final collector should be protected by the metal guard closing it along all length from above and sideways.
Radiators of engines, shaft of biter, solomonabivatel, conveyors, sorters, shneki both other knots and details of harvesters should be cleared in due time of a dust, straw and grain.
In field conditions filling by fuel of harvest equipment should be carried out outside of a field (not closer than 30 m) by toplivozapravshchik at the muffled engines.
Repair of harvesters and units, if necessary, is allowed not closer than 30 m from grain massifs and other crops.
Under condition of observance of the above-stated rules there is a hope that grain-growers of the Crimea will carry out cleaning of grain crops without accidents and will save the grown-up crop from fire.
E.EFIMOV,
the leading engineer on UKTs labor protection.