In a material experiment of application of resource-saving technologies in Canada is shown, their economic and production advantages are shown.
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(Termination. The beginning in No. 44, 46, 47, 48 – 2007 of of No. 3, 4, 5)
Economic advantages of system of the minimum processing of the soil
Experience of application in Canada
For the last 20 years farmers in the Western Canada apply system of the minimum processing of the soil, aspiring to reach the following results:
• to reduce moisture losses;
• to increase protection of the soil against a wind and water erosion;
• usilitborbu with weeds, as probability of germination of weeds in the fallow earth the very low;
• umenshitpotrebleny fuels on operation of processing of the soil;
• umenshitkolichestvo of agricultural machinery;
• labor umenshitkolichestvo;
• to increase zaderzhaniyesterny snow;
• to achieve stable a rostproizvoditelnost.
In agronomics and economy byloprovedeno a set of researches concerning application of system of the minimum processing of the soil. To the farmers considering system of the minimum processing of the soil as means for a povysheniyarentabelnost of agriculture, three possible prospects are offered.
1. The first prospect – is a situation when the economy can receive sharp rosturozhaynost. Ispolzovaniyesistema of the minimum processing of the soil will promote reduction of losses of moisture in the soil, thanking a chemuurozhaynost and profit will increase in comparison with similar zatratamina cultivation (primeneniegerbicidov). Potentsialnyyrosturozhaynosti will be defined by level of a precipitation and structure of the soil of a separate economy. The profit, owing to increase in a crop, can grow and in zones with nizkimurovny a precipitation.
The researches carried out in Canada showed that at the minimum processing of the soil on productivity the bolshoyevliyaniye renders a crop rotation. Possibility to increase level of savings of moisture by means of system of the minimum processing of the soil allows farmers to use raznyesevooboroty. Economic calculations showed that this system allows to get higher profit, than traditsionnayano under a condition if farmers diversify a crop rotation.
2. The second possible prospect – reduction of expenses, kotoryevsvoyu turn rostomurozhaynost raise profit, even in areas with minimum. Operations of system of the minimum processing of the soil help producers to save on fuel, labor and capital zatrataxna the equipment.
Essential economy toplivamozhno to reach if to replace operations on soil processing by an irrigation.
Economy of the worker silydostigaetsya at reduction of number of working hours on earth processing. As many Canadian farmers at the same time both owners, and managers of the farms, zatratyna labor are considered as an alternativnoyeotobrazheniye of as far as profitably they could use it in other kinds of activity.
These researches offer the following statements concerning profitability of application of the minimum processing of the soil:
• It will be less profitable, chemtraditsionny if zatratyna herbicides aren’t blocked by reduction is expensive fuel, service, labor and equipment;
• Cultivation podsolnechnikaili single-crop grain at the minimum processing of the soil less profitably as production expenses are too high;
• Boleepribylno to alternate crop rotations at the minimum processing of the soil as it increases level of preservation of moisture;
• Productivity increase at a new method is noted and at cultivation of olive and bean cultures which were grown up at replaceable crop rotations.
The third prospect is that the minimalnayaobrabotka of the soil the vdolgosrochny period conducts to its high-quality changes, kotoryeso time conduct to kekonomichesky advantages. Farmers, kotoryeinvestiruyut technology of such method achieved increase in quantity of the vegetative remains on the soil, an umensheniyaispareniye of moisture, an uluchsheniyaproniknoveniye of water and uvelicheniyaurovnya preservation of moisture, uvelicheniyaorganicheskikhveshchestvo in the soil and optimalnyeizmeneniyavy fertilizer.
(On materials of a grant of the Canadian-Ukrainian grain project – II Methods of minimization of agrarian risks and increase of efficiency of a zernoproizvodstvo).