Article is urged to help to make to the landowner a right choice upon purchase of a combine harvester. For the best orientation of buyers the table of classes of combines with their capacity and some technical parameters is provided.
UDC 631
This material is urged to help to make to the reader a right choice upon purchase of a combine harvester (ZK). What to choose – new equipment or a second-hand, domestic or foreign?
Many experts consider that reliability and quality of domestic combines (KZS – 9-1, "Lang", "Obry", ATEK) don’t meet modern requirements. The time between failures doesn’t exceed 11-40 hours. Whereas the best samples of modern combines are characterized by high reliability with a time between failures of 140-180 hours.
In order that agroterm of a harvest wasn’t tightened excessively, selkhozproizvoditely for one working hour of a harvest the ZK general park dolzhn to clean 250-260 thousand t. the grain. Under such circumstances gross collecting in 40 million tons. the zernovyy it will be collected in 160 hours of term of a harvest. The ZK cash park possible to clean 70-80 thousand t/hours. At such terms of a harvest biological losses from an osypaniye of restanding grain massifs make annually about 8 million t.
To fill up ZK park to standard requirement, it is necessary to get 20-22 thousand combines with average capacity of a thresher of 9-10 kg/s (productivity of 15-16 t/hours), or 45-50 thousand domestic Slavutich KZS-9 combines for total amount about 25 billion UAH which agricultural producers don’t have.
Last year about 900 combines, from them about 500 units "Don-1500" were realized. At such rates of requirement for ZK the next 10-15 years won’t be satisfied.
In the ZK market about 60 models and updatings of all leading firms of Western Europe and North America are realized. Practically all producers let out five-six main models with different capacity of engines and operation term to 10 years and an operating time to 4000 motochasov.
All foreign combines are equipped with computer monitoring systems (ASK) of indicators of a technical condition and engineering procedures that simplifies control and management of difficult cars.
The BU market of equipment is a normal and natural phenomenon in developed countries.
Ways of acquisition and realization of equipment can be divided into three groups.
The first are buyers who at own risk buy BU necessary to them equipment abroad thanks to own communications and recommendations of acquaintances. The risk of a prize and loss in this case – 50:50, and all efforts with repair and customs lay down on the buyer.
The second group – firms which have only office rooms and have no repair serving base and service experts for reduction of BU of equipment in a working condition. Therefore sell it in that condition in what bought, only with the corresponding margins. For buyers of the first and second group all problems and responsibility for updating of a working condition lay down on the owner of equipment, including providing with spare parts.
The most authoritative are representatives of the third group who work at the market both new, and BU of equipment and have the credit history. For such firms that they repair the combine in the presence of machine operators of the buyer is meaning.
And new owners of cars have meanwhile possibility to master their design and feature of carrying out repair serving operations of concrete model. Positive it is also possible to call providing with spare parts on requirement, services of the qualified service experts.
At the heart of a choice of the combine there should be a technical condition of the car, operation term, cost, firm and its possibilities to render qualitative and timely services to buyers.
During a choice of BU of the combine it is necessary to pay attention for year of release and an indicator of the general operating time in motochasax on which it is visible motor potential of the combine is how settled. Experts predict durability of foreign combines duration of operation within 7500 motochasov. If on the motor-counter – 870 hours in four years of use, motor potential it is settled for 12 % from the general. The motor potential rest under condition of carrying out repair serving works makes 6600 motochasov. If the combine to use on 600 motochasov during the season, it is correct to maintain and lead THAT, motor potential should suffice for 11 seasons. Efficiency of use and durability of ZK in the conditions of a concrete economy depends on qualification of combine operators, observance of regulations by them and volumes THAT during operation.
At any technical condition after a previous harvest it is necessary to carry out preventive repair serving works: greasing, existence control in reducers, capacities of oils, technical liquids, adjusting works to check completeness of the combine.
Dominating position of leading foreign firms is the rule: it is necessary to pay for high quality, reliability and durability.
Classify combines on a way of an agregatirovaniye, on a design of a running gear, as the molotilno-separating unit. For modern combines it is possible to consider the last indicator as the most significant. On this indicator combines divide into one – and two-drum-type with the classical scheme of a separator of rough lots (keyboard solomotryas); one – and two-drum-type with rotor solomotryasy and rotor. Rotor combines, depending on constructive performance, happen axial and rotor and cross rotor.
With capacity of a thresher which characterizes potential productivity in hectares and tons for a unit of time, the key design data, operational characteristics are connected. It is engine capacity, kW; width of a thresher, m; capacity of the bunker, m3; area of cleaning (sieves), sq.m; effective area of separation, sq.m; area solomotryasa, sq.m.
On a ratio of these parameters combines which make all firms of the world, are divided into 11 classes. That is the class of the combine defines capacity of its thresher, respectively, from 1 to 11 kg/s.
If the number of parameters isn’t enough or some of them are unknown, it is possible to use recommendations IMESX provided in the table.
Classes of combines on IMESX
Restriction for increase of capacity of a thresher are grain losses behind a thresher which shouldn’t exceed for the majority of combines of 1,5 %.
During a choice of speed it is necessary to pay attention that its increase from 3 to 8 km/h will demand increase in expenses of capacity at 3,7-4,4 kW at 1 km/h. Harvesters of combines have width which provides capacity of a thresher. For the majority of combines with engine capacity to 240 h.p. the width of a harvester makes 6 m. Today harvesters with width of capture of 8,6 m are developed for Don-1500 combines. Separate foreign combines are completed with wider harvesters. Harvesters equip with mechanical or electrohydraulic copiers of a relief of a field is an absolutely necessary condition for modern harvesters.
Practice confirms: combines with operation term at the correct operation are capable to clean five-six years on 800-1000 hectares from namoloty 3000-4000 t of grain and commercial crops during the season.
The decision, what combine harvester to get, heads and specialists of agricultural enterprises should accept, considering all stated factors and a personal experience.
V. Voytyuk, A.Demko, O. Demko.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).