In this publication it is a question of the Development program of agro-industrial complex of the Ryazan region on 2006-2008gg. The program provided the solution of large-scale tasks in all branches of agro-industrial complex on the basis of introduction of high technologies. The special role in implementation of this Program is taken away Ryazan research and to design institute of technology of agro-industrial complex which has a solid arsenal of means of involvement of resource potential of area in innovative technologies. One of the leading directions – creation high-yielding steady, to stressful situations of resursoekonomichny grades of new generation and accelerated their replication. A know-how – models of technologies of cultivation of the mixed crops of forage crops.
To areas there is an active process of technological rearmament of agricultural industry, creation of machine and technological stations, reconsideration of a role of machining of the soil, its appointment and function in engineering procedure.
INNOVATIVE and INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENTS of agrarian and industrial complex of the RYAZAN REGION
The development program of agro-industrial complex of the Ryazan region on 2006-2008gg. provides the solution of large-scale tasks in all its branches on the basis of introduction of high technologies. Especially it is appreciable in economically developed agricultural enterprises, in country (farmer) farms which intensively master high technologies in all chain of economic activity, achieving significant improvement of operational, economic, financial performance and social living conditions and activity of the collectives.
Ryazan research and the design institute of technology of agro-industrial complex has a solid arsenal of means of involvement of resource potential of area in innovative technologies. One of the leading directions – creation of high-yielding resursoekonomichny grades of new generation steady against stressful situations and accelerated their replication. The institute carries out a lot of work on scientific support of a kormoproizvodstvo. A know-how – models of technologies of cultivation of the mixed crops of forage crops. As components of a mix use: sowing campaign oats, barley summer, Sudanese grass, peas sowing and field (pelyushka), to Vick sowing campaign, fodder beans, lupine, krestotsvetny, and also corn and sunflower.
The mixed crops allow to receive the forages balanced on a protein and sugar, with the certain nutritious advantages, suitable for feeding not only different types of animals, but also their polovozrastny groups (see the table).
The increase to control (pure crops of corn) made with 1ga green material – 16-18t., solid – 1,1-1,3t., fodder units 1,3-1,8t., a perevarimy protein in 1 sterns. a unit – 24-26g., at reduction of costs for technological operations with 5,4 to 2,7tys. rub, or in 2 times. All this testifies to considerable advantage of the mixed crops in comparison with a monoculture (corn).
Efficiency and nutritional value of the mixed crops of forage crops
It is known that the main share of expenses of energy in agriculture is the share of soil machining. To areas there is an active process of modernization of agricultural industry, creation of machine and technological stations, reconsiderations of a role of machining of the soil, its appointment and function in engineering procedure. Research associates Ryazan NIPTI agrarian and industrial complex studied some years different options of machining of the soil in crop rotation system. Agriculture of area isn’t ready to pass completely to the minimum and zero system of processing of the soil, despite many positive moments of this way and a strongly pronounced tendency of its application in world and domestic agricultural culture. Farms have no sufficient financial resources to replace mechanical system of destruction of weed vegetation chemical.
Application of high-intensity technologies of cultivation of cultures on the basis of new productive varieties, optimum systems of crop rotations and new technologies of processing of the soil, the application of fertilizers, the integrated system of protection of plants promotes receiving a grain yield from above 6Ô/hectare, sugar beet 60-65Ô/hectare, potatoes of 25-30 t/hectares that is confirmed with data of production check. The innovative production technology of grain of a farm developed at institute "Zorinsky" of the Ukhovsky area provides an annual grain yield in limits 5-5,5Ô/hectare.
Experimental data of institute and their production check testify that scientific support will allow to turn within 3-5 years rather superfluous land use from a shortcoming into competitive advantage. One of the main conditions of performance of program positions – formation of originally market model of an economy, radical restructuring of the organizational and economic and social relations. The state support of agricultural industry in the form of subsidies, grants and compensations should be added with mobilization of all internal reserves of the enterprises. Scientists of institute consider that serious reorganization of the mechanism of management with return of cost accounting, strategic and routine planning, compensation from a gross income which don’t need neither completions, nor in alterations is necessary.
The main directions of intraeconomic reorganization should become:
- intraeconomic specialization, development of organizational structure, formation of production divisions, and also search of leaders of these divisions;
- transfer of production divisions to intraeconomic calculation;
- the work organization in two-level economic system (in the intraeconomic and external markets);
- management of economy at all levels of the enterprise by means of the business planning organization;
- the organization of the separate account on specialized productions when conducting commercial activity;
- introduction and development of system of compensation for resulting financial effect;
- creation of the centralized commercial group on studying and search of favorable sales markets.
The important role is allocated for the director, leaders of intraeconomic self-supporting formations. To put in action the plan, commercial calculation, recover economical mechanisms the team of highly professional managers, socially and morally responsible can.
The most important resource of production – qualification of the worker. Without professional development, technological discipline and moral education of specific performers of production it is impossible to overcome mismanagement and to achieve the maximum return from the enclosed capital. At regional and regional levels certification of heads and experts on compliance to their modern requirements should be applied widely.
Important factor – interaction of the large and small organizations of agrobusiness. Large agricultural enterprises concentrate in the hands production and scientific and technical providing branches with proryvny high technologies and voluntary give way in a technological chain to family farms where high quality of individual work where the hand labor isn’t removable is required.
Cooperation of the large enterprises with family farms allows rural population to survive in the conditions of the market. Thus between agricultural production cooperative (SPK) and a personal production economy (LPH) there is a labor division: SPK provide LPH with high-quality seeds, means of protection of plants and animals, cattle young growth, assist in earth processing, preparation of forages. LPH considerably expand scales of production of cattle-breeding production, especially pork, mutton, meat of geese, turkey-cocks, rabbits, that is in areas where the big application of live work is demanded. LPH involvement in structure of large agricultural production solves a problem of employment of rural population.
One of cooperation forms – creation on the basis of divisions of the basic, auxiliary and production of services of intraeconomic cooperatives. In this case modernization of the intraeconomic relations occurs without violation of integrity of economic system, that is at preservation of large production. Intraeconomic cooperatives various forms of collective, family, individual enterprise can accustom.
The following step of cooperation – regional multipurpose agricultural serving cooperative. In the area problems of production, distribution and sale, trade and field service of the organizations are weaved into one knot and the population, rural, road construction, social arrangement of the village, budget formation as bases of social and economic development of the rural territory.
The rural district should become an administrative complex of the rural territory where by means of cooperation coordination of a harmonious combination and development of branches of agrarian and industrial complex will be carried out.
Cooperation will gain practical value only with completion of creation of the cooperative unions at area and Russia level as a whole. Cooperation should appear as economic and social system of all steps in which each part carries out functions peculiar to it, but the value receives only in the course of the general cooperation.
(On magazine materials agrarian and industrial complex: economy, management).