In a material it is a question of influence of soil-protective technology on fertility of the earth and a crop of field cultures in steppe to the Crimea.
RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGISTS IN GRAIN PRODUCTION
We continue a subject
(Continuation. The beginning in No. 44, 46)
Vliyaniyepochvozashchitna of technology on fertility of the earth and a crop of field cultures in steppe to the Crimea
Issledovaniyaudobreny, provedennyevraznykhpochvenno-climatic zones of Ukraine showed that obrabotkaselskokhozyaystvenny cultures only at mineral system of fertilizers with alienation of the main and collateral production gives a ksnizheniya of quantity of a humus.
As showed data of long-term researches, plowing of virgin lands of the steppe Crimea gave a kumensheniya of its stocks.
Uaanpokazali’s APP Issledovaniyakrymsky institute that for the last 65 years, even in a research economy of institute where byldovolno vysokijuroven agriculture, soderzhaniegumusa vsly soils to 40 see decreased for 26 %, from 2,72 % to 2,02 %.
For development of the system of fertilizer, which byobespechivala sufficient balance of a humus in 1989 a v8-palny not irrigated crop rotation, zalozhenopyt with the following options:
On recommended for the steppe Crimea organo-mineralnoysisteme, on 1ga. The sevosmenny area should bring 7,5t. manure and N35 P40. This option is accepted as control as by long-term researches of the Crimean institute Appuaanmineralnykh of fertilizers it is proved that vusloviya of the droughty steppe Crimea this system of fertilizer is most effective and provides bezdeficitnyjbalans a humus. However, decrease in stocks and norms of introduction of manure, and also need of transition to an agriculture biologizatsiya for the purpose of receiving non-polluting agricultural production, resulted in need of studying of alternative system of fertilizer.
The following schemes are for this purpose developed:
2. Organo-mineralnayasistema of fertilizer with introduction on 1 hectare. Sevooborotny area of 2,5 t of straw ozimykhzernovy and N25R23kg. active ingredient;
3. Organo-mineralnayasistema with introduction on 1ga. Sevosmenny area 2,5t. straw and active ingredient N25R16kg;
4. Biological (especially organic) with introduction on 1ga. Sevosmenny area of 2,5 t of straw and 7,5 t. manure.
This system of fertilizer was studied in vosmipolnomstacionare crop rotations since 1989, with the following alternation of cultures: chernyjpar – winter wheat – winter barley – zanyatyjpar (a viko-wheaten mix on a green forage) – winter wheat – corn on a green forage – winter barley – sunflower. System of cultivation of soil – superficial, with a plowed land on depth 20-22 see only after podsolnechnikai under corn on a green forage, i.e. vte fields where manure is brought. Experience was put with triple repetition with the size of sites 250 sq.m and the registration area 100 sq.m.
The soil of a research site represented southern malogumusnyychernozy on lesovidnojgline. The quantity of a humus before a vvedeniyemstatsionarny crop rotation made 2,02 % in a layer of earth 0-40 see active phosphorus (on Machiginu3,5-4,0 of mg.) on 100 g of the soil, active potassium of 32-36 mg. on 100 g of the soil. Reaction of the rnpochvenny environment is close to the kneytralny. Opredeleniyezapasov of a humus after vvedeniyasevooborota it was carried out in 1998 and v2005 years.
As a result upon termination of the first rotation vovtory and third options of system of application of fertilizers a humus povysilossoderzhaniye in comparison with 1989 godomna 0,27 %, and on control option where humus and mineral fertilizers rates gumusoobrazovaniyaproxodili was introduced only more slowly.
Especially intensively process gumusoobrazovanieproxodit in options with organo-mineralnoysistemy fertilizers and zakladkojna 1 hectares. Sevooborotny area 2,5t. straw (options 2-3).
Especially organicheskayasistema fertilizers which vproportsiya predusmatrivayetvneseniyeorganicheskikhudobreniye – 2,5 t of straw and 7.5 t of manure on 1 hectare of the sevooborotny area also are increased by level of fertility of the soil though have some ustupaetpo rates of accumulation to a kontrolnomuvariant. As a result the most favorable crop of winter wheat was received only organicheskojsisteme fertilizers on black steam – 41,5 c/hectares. At it a crop oil seeds podsolnechnikabylna 0,9ยต/hectare. higher in comparison with control option. Other cultures of a crop rotation byliboleechuvstvitelny to organo-mineralnoysisteme fertilizers. Though as a whole, starting with grain – fodder units, special differences in indicators it is not observed.
As a whole it is necessary to note that purely biological system of application of fertilizers on vliyaniyuna level of fertility of soils and on productivity of crops vosmipolnojsevooborota a little ustupayetboleezatratny organo-mineralnymsistemam application of fertilizers, besides, as show mnogochislennyeissledovaniye it allows to receive non-polluting production demand on which annually increases.
N SAENKO, senior research associate of the APPU AAN Crimean institute, candidate of agricultural sciences.