In article it is told about the increased popularity of grades of grapes with red berry. Arguments about advantage of red table wines for an organism are given at moderate consumption, thanks to existence in them antocianov – painting substances of grapes which have the polyphenolic nature and are the major components defining quality of red dining rooms and sweet wines.
The interest which has increased around the world to red grades of grapes and wines from them is caused by expansion of data on the nature and biochemical properties antocianov – painting substances of grapes which have the polyphenolic nature and are the major komponen
The interest which has increased around the world to grades with red berry of grapes and vinam from them is caused by a rasyoshireniye of data about prirode and biochemical svoyyostvo antocianov – painting substances of grapes which have polyphenolic prirodu and are the major components, opredelyayuyoshchy quality of red stoyolovy and sweet wines.
By medical issledoyovaniye in many countries of the world it is proved that red wines, thanks to availability of specific polyphenols and other components, otlichayutsya high biologichesyoky activity, possess bactericidal and protiyovoopukholevy properties, deduce radionuclides from an organism, slow down a cholesterol obrayozovaniye, sposobstvuyut to strengthening kapillyarov and to accumulation of askorbiyonovy acid in a liver and adrenal glands. In developed countries red table wines enjoy wide popularity and are a product of daily consumption. Umeyorenny consumption with piyoshchy red wine scientists explain that fact that in France twice less suffering from warm sosudistyx diseases, than in America.
In Ukraine in 1998 on a share of grades with red berries prixodilos all 11,3tys. hectare (16 % from the total area occupied under wine grades). In the zoned sortiment it is possible to call the individual grades of this kind occupying one thousand and more hectares and being rather hoyoroshy stores of painting substances. This Cabernet Sauvignon. Bastardo of magarachskiya. Odessa black, Pino black, Merlot, Sapeyoravi. Sushchestvenyonymi shortcomings of nazvanyony grades are late terms of maturing, the small crop, an insufficient tekhyonologichesky stock of krasyayoshchy substances, low ustojchivostk to diseases, vrediyotel and a frost.
In department of selection of Magarach institute for many decades removal of grades with the maximum accumulation of painting substances in berry was one of the directions in selection vinograda. Hoyorosho magarachsky, Ruby Magaracha, Taurida, created in the 30th years of the past a stoleyotiya the known selector N. V. Paponovym are known for Bastardo.
In the 60th years under a rukovodyostvo of professor P.Ya.Golodrigi grades with intenyosivno painted juice were created: Dzhalita, Mriya, Rich. Special value predstavlyali hybrid forms: Magarach 11-57-130, Magarach 114-66-4, Magarach 6-57-70, etc., kotoyory, along with intensively okyorashenny juice, differed superearly term a sozrevayoniya and subsequently were successfully used as vysokokayochestvenny donor dyes at creation of in a complex steady grades of grapes.
Now from the obyoshirny genofund created under the direction of professor P.Ya.Golodrigi, are transferred in gosyosortoispytany grades vinograda with the painted berry for tekhyonichesky processing – Antya magarachsky, Anniversary Magaracha, Danko, the Centaur of magayorachskiya, Rubin of Golodrigi, Tavkveri Magaracha, Krymchanin, Pamyati Golodrigi, Granayotovy Magaracha, Livadiysky black, Magarmen, Oksamitovy, Gurzufsky pink, Alminsky, Krasen. Two of them – Antya magarachsky and Gurzufsky pink – universal, two more – Garnet Magarayocha and Memories of Golodrigi – with inyotensivno painted juice.
Grades are characterized by various terms a sozrevayoniya, field stability to a phylloxera, mildyu, gray decay, oidiumu, in a combination to high quality, high productivity and the increased frost resistance. Rub sorta – Antya of magarachskiya, Yubiyoleyny Magaracha and Danko are zoned in Ukraine and Russia. Grades Rubin of Golodriyogi, Tavkveri Magaracha, Kenyotavr of magarachskiya, Danko, Anyotya of magarachskiya differ high technological zayopasy painting substances in a thin skin and high stability of coloring of wine at endurance.
Ecological test, agrobiological and tekhnoloyogichesky assessment in various vinogradarsky zones pokazyvayut that vinograda with the painted berry represent the called grades huge interes for production of red wines. Unfortunately, introduction of these grades, in comparison with beloyagodny, restrains in connection with ignorance of reliable information about diglikozidax.
As it was mentioned above, okraska grapes berries obuslovlena antocianami which, depending on quantity of the sayokharny remains in a molecule, share on monoglycosides and diglikozidy. Still bytuet opinion that diglikozidy are a taksonomichesky marker (a peculiar viyozitka) American types, Amur grapes and mezhviyodovy grades and hybrids.
However, this opinion, in some cases, raises doubts. First, some grades Vitis of a vinifer, in particular, the Muscat cheryony, Hindogna, the Mattress, Oliver black, Asuretuli shavi, Yay raisin black, Mapselskij black early naryadu with monoglikozidamisoderzhat and diglikozidy, and secondly, in many grades of an interspecific origin diglikozidov aren’t present.
At hromatografichesky division of extracts antocianov from a thin skin of berries on P. Ribero-Gayon’s (1964) method, us were identified komponenty antotsianovy kompleksa more, than at one thousand noyovy grades and hybrids vinograda. It is thus established that in grades Antya magarachsky, Anniversary Magaracha, Danko, the Centaur of magarachskiya, Rubin of Golodrigi, Tavkveri Magarayocha, Krymchanin, Garnet Magaracha, Magarmen, Gurzufyosky pink diglikozidov isn’t present the Grade the Alminsky and Liyovadiysky black contain diglikozidy in small koyolichestvo and differ vysoyoky quality of wine materials, Pamyati Golodrigi grades, Oksamitovy, didn’t analyze Krasen.
Polemic apropos sortov, containing diglikozidy, arose in the middle of the last century when Breyder, having made experiments on chickens, drew a conclusion that wine materials from the grades received by means of an interspecific gibyoridizatsiya, are toxic for the person because of existence in them diglikozidov.
The subsequent issledoyovaniye in eksyoperiment on animals toxicity of wines with diglikozidami didn’t prove to be true and is convincingly proved that the essential difference in fiyoziologichesky impact on an organism of animal wines from grades of the European look and grades European-amerikanskogo and European-amursksgo isn’t present an origin, and some diseases (cirrhosis, etc.) are connected with unlimited consumption of alcohol.
In summary once again we will emphasize that diglikozidy aren’t taksonomicheskimi markers of the American types, the Amur look and mezhyovidovy grades. Number of grades Vitis of a vinifer also soderzhat diglikozidy. whereas the majority proanaliziroyovanny us grades of a mezhviyodovy origin diglikozidov don’t contain.
Due to the lack of a razyonitsa in a physiological vozyodeystviye on an organism of wines from grades European see grades of an interspecific proiskhozhyodeniye, and also taking into account tsenyony agrobiological and tekhyonologichesky properties, grades for production of red wines represent isklyuchiyotelny value as for proyomyshlenny, and priusayodebny wine growing.
Special importance these sorta and production from them (Sveyozhy grapes, juice, wines) have for Ukrayoina’s which has transferred accident of Chernobyl the population.
M. Kostik,
candidate of agricultural sciences.
Scientifically – vnedrenchesky firm "Ampelos",
Yalta