In article It is necessary to develop branches profitable the chairman of SPK "Bolshevik" of the Krasnogvardeysky area, Candidate of Economic Sciences V. Rodchenko reflects on what glubyami to go in the solution of problems of market economy of agrarian and industrial complex.
UNCERTAINTY – NOT the ASSISTANT to BUSINESS
Before reforms which are led in agricultural industry, the main monetary receipts and furthermore profit, animal husbandry, and wine growing proceeded from gardening.
Our fruit and grapes, production of their processing and vegetables, and also meat and milk were demanded not only in the markets of Ukraine, but were realized in large volumes and to Russia, other federal republics. With disintegration of the Union State sales markets that povlekloza are lost by themselves.
Contrary to world experience myposhli by the way of uncontrolled liberalization of the prices. In compliance and it in the conditions of the market led to reduction of solvent demand of mass consumers of the food, as caused elimination of system of the wholesale and home shopping service calculated on requirements satisfaction in quality products of a food of all sectors of society, and formation instead of it such markets on which qualitative foodstuff is inaccessible in necessary volume to tens of millions consumers.
Is perspective to develop agro-industrial complex – it, first of all, to reduce product cost. Only provided that the Crimean production will be demanded and we can compete to the European Union countries. But to reduce prime cost, stability in price policy is necessary. Unfortunately, began tradition on the eve of cleaning grain to raise the price on it is combustible – lubricants. On the eve of sowing – again the prices grow. Where to disappear to the poor peasant? It loses current assets. Not only diesel fuel – gasoline rises in price. And services too. And nobody considers recurrence of expenses. Prime cost depends and on an agrarian and industrial complex hardware. If to introduce high-efficiency equipment – production becomes more competitive and prime cost decreases. And what at us? Old, "perelatanny" "Dona", "Fields", tractors and other agricultural machinery.
Negative sides of reforms carried out in agrarian sector bypassed also our economy. Though I, as the head, did everything for preservation and development not only field husbandry, but also gardening, wine growing, vegetable growing, and also animal husbandry, for processing of agricultural production.
Today at us the grain farm and cultivation of other field cultures successfully develops, there is an animal husbandry and processing, but there was no gardening and wine growing, we aren’t engaged and cultivation of vegetables. The reasons different, but main of them are losses of former sales markets and high cost of resources.
As to a grain farm, last year we collected 9 thousand tons of grain at productivity of 30 c/hectares. Now we expect to surpass these indicators. First of all, a lot of attention we give to high-quality structure of winter crops. Well themselves such grades as showed "Povaga", "Poshan" which stably give productivity within 40 centners from hectare, the Odessa grades "Victoria" and "Lada". Grain its best grade.
Certainly, we have also problems. Generally with grain realization. Wheat of the 4th class we sell to spontaneous zernotreyder, and more quality grain it is placed in warehouses on storage in hope that the price will raise. The prices, unfortunately, raise very slowly how they grow on about an electricity which today there are 34 kopeks for kilowatt, the goryuchesmazochny materials, which price almost reached dollar for liter. Recommendations which today scientists give us, in practice don’t prove to be true. We want to receive high-quality crops, but the equipment is for a long time in a worn-out condition, is a problem and age structure of machine operators and many other things.
All this forced to improve the expensive mechanism. Began to plow fields less, passed to superficial processing of the soil, by means of heavy disk harrows more. It gives the chance to close up the sternevy remains, to pave the way with higher quality and in time – is less spent combustive-lubricating materials, the moisture which is so necessary for the Crimean field husbandry thus remains.
When the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center offered me cooperation with the Canadian-Ukrainian grain project, I agreed with pleasure. I hope that this cooperation will help our economy with increase of culture of conducting grain production and decrease in prime cost.
However intermediary structures inflated the prices in tens times, and cost of agricultural products grew slightly. As a result of it also arose disparitet the prices. Now it is possible to correct it only by state regulation in agrarian sector. Experience of functioning of the countries with the developed economy allows to argue that their governments are active participants of management of the risks inherent in the agrarian sphere, help producers and consumers more successfully to cope with risk. We from the state practically don’t see such help.
Inclusion of farms of Ukraine in world economy with the assistance of the WTO should promote increase of production efficiency of agricultural production, improvement of its quality taking into account the international standards, to development of competitive production. Liberalization of a trading mode and development of foreign trade should become one of sources of increase of efficiency of process in all spheres of economy of Ukraine. But whether there will be it and how soon? And here domestic market of our country will widely open for other countries as it is provided by WTO rules.
Whether will open the markets for our production the western partners? While we see only that there is a fight for sales markets of production and in this economic "fight" all methods are used.
What expects agricultural producers? Set of problems. The credits already now exhaust them to the deadlock, lead up to bankruptcy. Without money they can’t get means of protection of plants to introduce on norm of fertilizer, to update agricultural machinery. How it is possible to introduce the best practices without money, to follow recommendations of scientists? There are desires, but there is no money. For a residual principle are compelled to pay work and not because villagers badly work.
Statements for that Ukraine after accession to WTO will have access on the markets of production of 145 countries of the world, considerably the declarative. It can be possible only when production of our agrarian sector becomes competitive, and for this purpose it is necessary to make still a lot of things. First of all, will depend much on conditions in which it is necessary to trade to agricultural enterprises.
Besides, to our country, following a world tendency, it is necessary to create capable gosudarstvennoyeregionalny trading association and to cancel all barriers in trade on the former Soviet Union and, first of all with Russia, to make our agricultural industry more effective and competitive sector of national economy. Today agroformations continue to put gardens and vineyards, having renewed these processes, expand the areas under vegetables, are engaged in animal husbandry development. But it becomes with big risk. Where a guarantee, what tomorrow again there will be no difficulty which in principle ruined the village, doomed to poverty?
That at agricultural producers more confidence of the agrobusiness, in my opinion, was necessary to accept the early Development program of agro-industrial complex, to make everything that it didn’t remain on paper, as what were accepted earlier. In it the state role should be registered in development of agrarian sector. It is known that in developed countries the state carries out system of straight lines and indirect grants, insurance of risks. There is also a system of orientation of agricultural producers what to grow up and make. It helps them with the guaranteed sale of production. At such system of work at our agricultural producers uncertainty in tomorrow will be minimized, and it becomes the good assistant in affairs.
V. Radchenko, chairman of SPK "Bolshevik" of the Krasnogvardeysky area, Candidate of Economic Sciences.