In the publication recommendations how it is correct to choose a combine harvester for the economy are made. Design features of combine harvesters of various producer companies of this equipment are given.
Feasibility report of INVESTMENTS INTO HARVEST EQUIPMENT
At a choice of a combine harvester it is necessary to understand, for what it is necessary to you. Will harvest grown up only in the economy or the combine will work on hiring, and can be will the decision is made to combine both options – to clean at itself, then at the neighbor in hiring; or it will be work as a part of mobile grain-harvesting group which will begin cleaning in the Crimea, and will finish work late autumn in northern areas of Ukraine.
Options of the most expedient use of equipment:
· Work in one large-scale enterprise, where grain group and late cultures poseyany in the volumes providing employment of equipment for 100 %;
· Cooperation of several farms for the purpose of sharing of limited number of combines on the fields (equipment maneuvers);
· Work as a part of mobile grain-harvesting group.
With what to begin combine acquisition?
Here some questions on which it is necessary to stop more in details:
1. What combine probresti? New or former in operation after repair?
2. What equipment of producer company to acquire?
3. How optimum to pick up the combine, if to consider its productivity and cost?
4. How as much as possible to reduce a combine payback period?
5. How reliably and long to maintain the combine?
6 whether. You can favourably sell over time the combine?
7. How to find funds for combine purchase on the conditions most favorable to?
In this article we will help you to receive answers to some of these questions.
From experience of practical work there is a question more often – WHAT BRAND to BUY the COMBINE?
ANSWER: look what culture prevails in your economy, define average productivity for the last years, count up amount of works on cleaning.
For example, in an economy the grain occupy 1000 hectares which average productivity – 30 c/hectares, crops pure and ripen practically at the same time.
CONCLUSION: acquisition of the powerful combine, allowing to make cleaning on 50-60 hectares a day (it is TUKANO’S 320 CLAAS, TUKANO 440, CLAAS LEXION 560, CASE 2388) is optimum.
It is necessary to pay attention also that different combines better or worse clean these or those cultures (tab. 1). The value and objective judgment is given on a 5-mark scale.
Tab. 1 ASSESSMENT of OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS of COMBINES
Note: 0–impossibility of engineering procedure
1–very badly
2–badly
3–corresponds to agrorequirements
4–very well
5–perfectly.
The assessment is made on set of agrotechnology factors:
· losses behind a harvester (including cut height, field copying)
· losses behind a thresher (at the corresponding size of productivity of loss shouldn’t exceed 1 %)
· quality obmolota (crushing, obrushivaniye)
· purity of grain in the bunker (including when cleaning the littered corn – not less than 98 %)
· quality of crushing of straw, rassev it across the field.
For a right choice of the combine it is necessary to know the basic principles of work and technical characteristics of the main brands of the combines widespread in Ukraine. Briefly we will consider some technical features of popular models of combine harvesters.
For increase of productivity of harvesting of grain, leguminous and krupyany crops, and also corn and sunflower, minimization of losses of grain and improvement of quality obmolota leading kombaynostroitelny firms of the world – CLAAS, CNH (CASE – NEW NOLLAND), MASSEY FERGUSON, JOHN DEERE – almost annually offer new more perfect models of combines.
These firms focus the kombaynovy programs according to inquiries of consumers of different level that explains existence of a large quantity of models of combines with engine capacity from 150 to 550 h.p.
In spite of the fact that the market of combine harvesters is rather stable, tendencies which are traced on increase in demand for high-efficiency cars, induce scientists and designers to search of new technical solutions in a kombaynostroyeniye that would allow to increase their productivity, to increase seasonal loading and to improve quality of work. Complexity of these tasks is that high-efficiency combines with engine capacity of 300-500 hp on the weight and the linear sizes reached a limit, and the further increase in these parameters is actually inadmissible because of unreality of their transportation, and also restrictions of loading on the soil. Limiting possibilities are also reached in an intensification of processes obmolota at the expense of application rotor molotilno-separating workers of bodies.
Designs of modern combines according to the technological scheme molotilno- separating devices (MSU) can be divided into three main types: classical, rotor and combined. In combines of the classical scheme obmolot and separation of grain weight is carried out by a bilny drum and keyboard the solomotryasy.
In rotor combines process obmolota and separations occurs in one body which at the same time threshes and separates both grain, and number of the grain weight which has arrived on obmolot, they are completely threshed, allocating practically all grain.
Advantage of rotor combines – obmolot with smaller, in comparison with classical combines, crushing and grain microdamage that allows to increase its sowing qualities. The most part of grain in rotor MSU is allocated at the expense of a wipe from cones, instead of in blow beat, as in traditional molotilny devices. On the design distinguish rotor combines with axial and tangential giving of grain weight.
In combined MSU for obmolota and separations of grain weight classical MSU is used, and separation of rough (solomisty) lots is carried out at the expense of rotor solomoseparator with axial giving.
If to analyse the key technical parameters of combines of a middle and powerful class of the classical scheme, and also the combined and rotor schemes, for each of these groups of combines such parameters as engine capacity, spaciousness of the bunker, the width of a thresher and width of capture of a harvester differ slightly. In a word, at design of combines these base parameters for a certain class of combines are such which provide high extent of use of replaceable operating time and don’t allow costs of time of different auxillary operations (grain unloading, servicing, repair and t. p). For example, for all combines irrespective of spaciousness of the bunker grain should be unloaded for 1,5-2 mines, ezhesmenny maintenance borrows no more than 20-30 mines; throughout a harvest the combine should work without breakages. As to designs of molotilno-separating devices, each of producers uses the most checked own development which constantly improves. The great attention is given to finishing of reliability and ensuring durability of designs which are in operation till 10-20 years.
For increase of productivity, convenience of work in cabins of combines comfortable conditions and systems of informing of combine operators about losses of grain, control of technological and kinematic parameters of the main workers of bodies are created, automatic control of turns of a molotilny drum (or a rotor) and podbarabanye depending on cleaning conditions, various devices which prevent damage of working bodies in case of hit of stones or other foreign matters is provided.
In threshers of a new series of LEXION combines of CLAAS firm the advanced molotilno-separating APS device which the firm applied for the first time in MEGA series combines is used. Such device provides acceleration of movement of grain weight thanks to the additional reel accelerator located before a molotilny drum which increases speed of movement of grain weight because of what its giving becomes more uniform. Centrifugal forces operating on grain thus increase, its separation through the podbarabanye lattices which area is increased almost twice in comparison with one-drum-type molotilny devices improves.
Application of APS system is checked in various conditions of cleaning of grain, leguminous crops, a rape, corn, sunflower. Molotilny devices of this kind (but with shtiftovy drums) are used also for fig. cleaning.
Universality of APS system for obmolota different cultures is provided with application of a universal podbarabanye. It consists of several sections which it is possible to replace quickly from the inclined chamber at change of conditions of cleaning or combine re-equipment upon transition from harvesting of one culture with another.
In classical combines of the LEXION series to separation of rough lots are applied keyboard intensive solomotryasy. Intensity of work solomotryasa is reached thanks to MSS system which by means of the biter located over keys with active fingers provides more active separation of rough lots and grain allocation.
Now requirements to cleaning arriving after obmolota combines of grain are quite high: purity of bunker grain not less than 98 %, and drobleny – no more than 2 %.
Receiving pure grain from the combine which doesn’t need additional cleaning – one of requirements to modern high-efficiency combines. Into a design of combines of CLAAS firm also entered just advanced system of purification of grain. Use of three-section axial fans provides uniform distribution of air on all area of sieves.
The powerful fan allows to create two streams of air – one is directed on the lots descending from a roar, another – is direct on sieves. Sieves and a roar section also consist of two longitudinal parts. It allows to remove sections of sieves of a stryasny board for cleaning them from the vegetative remains sticking at work on humidified and strongly littered grain crops, and also at corn and fig. cleaning.
Combines of CLAAS firm are equipped with special dynamic systems which provide high-quality operation of the combine on slopes to 20 °. For work on more abrupt slopes (to 30 °) use special designs of combines of the MONTANA series where all thresher of the combine is supported in horizontal situation.
In AF 2388 and AFX 8010 series CASE combines cleaning of lots is carried out on two sieves by means of an air stream which is formed by the fan with a special profile of blades. Uniformity of a stream of air is provided with that it is involved not on each side, as in fans of traditional combines, and through all open zone of blades.
Harvesters to combines CLAAS, CASE, MASSEY FERGUSON, JOHN DEERE, NEW NOLLAND for cleaning grain, leguminous, a rape and other cultures – the main units which define productivity and quality of operation of the combine. Depending on the buyer of the combine counts on what productivity of fields, their area and a configuration, to it offer the corresponding most optimum width of capture of a harvester.
For cleaning of a rape and sunflower the grain harvester with special adapters, and for picking up of wolves – a linen and manual sorter is used; for soya cleaning – a special harvester with the so-called floating cutting device. Cleaning of corn is provided by 12-ryadny corn prefixes which can be equipped with grinders of listostebelny weight.
To CLAAS combines of the LEXION series harvesters with the increased speed of cutting (1120 Õ./minute), the mechanism of an equilibration of weight of a harvester and automatic copying of a surface of a field are applied.
The cutting device "VARIO" which allows to increase a distance between shneky and the cutting device directly from a cabin of the combine operator is applied to a design of harvesters of LEXION combines. Thus the width of a harvester can be increased by 30 cm for rape cleaning with application of additional plates. The increase in width of a bottom to 20 cm is carried out besstupenchato, is direct from a cabin. Harvesters are applied to providing transport dimensions of the combine (3,5 m) for grain and corn which gather in the longitudinal or vertical direction.
Y.Sobeshchansky, representative of CLAAS-academy, engineer-adviser, ph. + 3 8066 481 80 78.
Y.Yaroslavsky, the deputy regional director of JSC Ukragroliz on finance, ph. + 3 8050 324 38 22.