In article the characteristic of the most widespread grades of potatoes is given.
(Termination. The beginning in No. 29 (343))
What is the ratl-virus and as far as it is dangerous to potatoes?
Ratl virus (R-virus) – rather new "sore" on our potato sites. Treats group of kontaktyono-vector viruses, that is such which are transferred as insects, and mechanically – a contact way. Unlike many other viruses of potatoes which ugnetayut growth, development of plants also reduce the general urozhayyonost, without changing appearance of tubers, a ratl-virus proyavlyaet itself as well to surfaces of tubers in the form of the roundish ring-shaped swellings filled with infiltrate. These defects also guard kartofelevodov, especially with that are shown by time at storage of already collected outwardly healthy crop. But though spots on tubers, harakyoterny for this virus, are appreciable, the struck tubers rot at storage seldom. Much worse that, as well as other viruses, a ratl-virus reduces productivity of many hoyoroshy grades. For example, quickly "was drawn" on we wash a site Mollie’s very early German grade, sharply reduces productivity on some kitchen gardens a popular srednepozdny grade to Bernadetta. Unfortunately, symptoms of a disease a ratl-virus can be met now and on Ukrainian sortax. It is noted that this virus especially often strikes kartofel near landings of tobacco which is the basic rezervaty this disease.
Whether it is possible to keep purity of a grade, landing on one site some grades with tubers of different color?
Potatoes, as well as many other plants, breed as vegetativno (shanks, shoots, layers, klubnyami), and seeds. At reproduction of plants semenami there is a repollination of a grade and formation of hybrids – future plants which have grown from seeds parent, will inherit also genetics of a fatherly form. Nastoyoyashchiye botanical seeds from which scientists receive gibridy for further removal of new grades, obrazuyutsya it is exclusive in green berries of potatoes under blagoyopriyatny conditions of cultivation.
At vegetative reproduction, including, and traditsiyoonny reproduction by tubers, receive a genetic koyopiya of a parent plant. The neighbourhood on a site of other grades can’t affect purity of clones of this grade of potatoes. I, for example, this year successfully tested on a svoyoy site of 104 grades of potatoes.
However very seldom it is possible to meet in one bush klubni with different color of a peel or pulp. So, one of bushes of a grade of Desiree somehow "gave out" to me 5 red and 4 yellow tubers, and at the Slav tubers not with light yellow, and practically with white pulp came across. Such anomalies – manifestations of natural mutations of plants which lie in osnove evolutions.
How it is correct to write the name of grades kartofelya – the Nevsky or Not weighty, Bellaroza or Bellarosa, Bernadett or Bernadetta?
Really, in literature on a karyotofelevodstvo it is possible to meet the distinguished options of writing of names of the same grades. It is pardonable, after all create potatoes grades not philologists. Certainly, it is necessary to call a grade how called its originator. But when translating into Russian and Ukrainian languages often there are misunderstanding though rules of spelling are defined. So, in Russian the word "potatoes" of a masculine gender therefore it is correct govorit and to write: grade Nevsky, Youth, Borodyansky royozovy. In the Ukrainian kartoplya language – a feminine noun therefore it is necessary to write: Nevsk, Molod_zhn, Borodyanska’s grade rozheva, etc. As to a prayovopisaniye of foreign grades, our edition predpochitaet to use spelling which the Register of grades of plants of Ukraine adheres. And there, for example, the nemetsyoky grade of Bellarosabyl at first is brought as Bellarosa, and in 2006 – as Bellaroza.
Whether effectively for updating of a grade to use it "children"?
Professional updating of a grade which became vyrozhdatsya, it is possible to make only in the conditions of scientific biolaboratory, having carried out himio-and thermotherapy, and then, having grown up culture of a meristem of top sprouts in a proyobirka. But many kartofelevody successfully prolong viability of a grade available to truck farmers sposobami – grow up a grade in summer landing and two-fruitful culture, select on seeds tubers from the most zdoyorovy and productive varieties, etc. All ways accepted for fans, are based on hit restriction in an available seed material of a virus infection. It is possible to carry to tayoky ways and reproduction of a healthy grade by his "children".
In "children", unlike ordinary tubers, soderzhitsya much less solid, the infection from a mayoterinsky tuber passes only partially if it is possible so to speak, in a "razzhizhenny" look. Besides, vyrashchiyovy "children" in a place inaccessible to carriers virusov, we as though pass one reproduction, keeping grade health.
If possibilities to make replacement of a low reprodukyotsiya of this grade by elite it is not expected (that it is frequent byvaet with import grades on which we don’t conduct a seyomenovodstvo), it is possible to leave at once a part of tubers for all summer in absolutely dark cellar, having spread out them in one layer. On old tubers by autumn "children" who sometimes reach the size of small egg accrue. And healthy by sight, it is necessary to select, dry and plant trees and shrubs in most krasiyovy of them accurately in a shadow, and then again to put on storage and to use in the spring for landing.
Repeating this procedure from year to year, it is possible to prolong viability of a grade sushchestvenyono. However to revitalize "favourite", but absolutely degenerated grade such spoyosoby it is impossible, of what on a personal experience some of our readers were convinced.
Last year I once again grew up in a cellar of "child" of a highly productive grade of Bellaroz. Having landed them this spring at the same time with other grades (landing of these "crumbs" it is necessary to make not more deeply than 5-6 cm), without changing an agrotechnology, from 1 kg of "children" received a crop in 35 kg of polnoyotsenny tubers.
It is possible to call what grades leaders this year?
The last favorable year for cultivation kartofelya on my memory – the 2000th. Since then there is a poyostoyanny check of grades on "durability", that is – on an ustoyyochivost to frosts, droughts, gradoboyu, fitoftorozu. Hard for kartofelevodov there was also this year with a heat more 30°S in May when young bushes couldn’t close the earth from destructive heat. In these conditions even very good grades couldn’t show the qualities. But nevertheless I will risk to call the leader not only this season, but also blizhayyoshy years – it is a new Polish grade of sredneranny term of a soyozrevaniye the Typhoon. Both on productivity, and on stability to neyoblagopriyatny factors it shows the second year the best results in my collection. In my opinion, Tayyofun – the worthy successor of such leading grades of last years, as the Slav, the Agave, Bellaroza.
In recent years the price for potatoes constantly grows. Began especially favorable to grow up it for realization in the market. Therefore the grades which tubers have the high marketability, attractive appearance are most valuable. Here it is necessary to note fine Ukrainian grades Tiras (early ripe) and Uzhgorod (srednepozdniya), German early ripe – Laura and Miranda, sredneranniya – Red ledi, Netherlands mid-season – Roko and others.
In the market very large tubers take cautiously, but we always happen are especially glad, if we will dig out a tuber-giyogant. I will call the most krupnoklubnevy grades: To an agave, Belyolaroza, Kiranda, Nagoroda, Nadiyny, Bylina, Entertainment, Promin, Skarbnitsa, Slav, Terra Gold, Kurod, Paradise, Koyosmos, Picasso and others.
Grades with excellent flavoring qualities not always bleshhut record productivity or a perfect form of tubers. It is necessary to allocate such novelties: the Ukrainian – Levada, the Bylina, Promin, Netherlands – Marlene, nemetsyoky – the Agave, Wetar, Karlen.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).