In article it is a question of an order of a defektovka of units, knots and details of agricultural machinery during its repair, and also control – final operation during manufacturing of new details or updating worked.
UDC 631
The most responsible processes during repair of agricultural cars – a defektovka and control of suitability of details. Defektovka carry out after dismantling of units, knots on a detail for detection of defects and an assessment of suitability of details to their further use. Details sort on groups: suitable for further use, that are subject to repair, and unsuitable. Control is final operation during manufacturing of new details or updating worked and is carried out for an assessment: sizes, rigidity, deviations of a form and mutual placement of working surfaces. Quality of the repaired products depends on quality of control.
Defektovka and control lead, using three methods: organoleptic, tool and special.
Organoleptic method – this detection of defects by way of survey and listening.
By tool method determine a condition of working surfaces, measuring them by means of the universal and special tool. Use of special measuring tools: brackets, calibres, templates also gives the chance to draw at once a conclusion on suitability or unfitness of a detail.
The essence of a special method consists in use of special adaptations, stands, ways for detection of certain characteristics. For example, hydraulic test of blocks of cylinders for check of integrity of a shirt of cooling.
The rational sequence of a deffektovaniye allows to save working hours. The route should be under construction by a rule: from the simple – to difficult, from difficult – to the most difficult.
The greatest part in details is made by cylindrical surfaces. Them process, mainly, on the sixth – to the ninth kvalitetu. Operation of these surfaces is allowed to 0,020-0,030 mm. And the condition of a carving is supervised by external survey and calibres. Bolts, hairpins, nuts and jams which have more, than two broken strings of a carving, reject. Use of bolts, jams and nuts with the crumpled sides isn’t allowed.
Condition of surfaces of teeths of gear wheels determine at first by survey. In case of their break and a vykrashivaniye use of gear wheels isn’t allowed. If there are no brakovalny signs, the assessment of suitability of gear wheels is defined on the basis of measurement of the teeths offered by manufacturer.
Defektovka pryamostoronny shliyets carry out a calliper or a template. Operation of shliyets is allowed within 0,4-0,8 mm.
Suitability of radial bearings of a kacheniye estimate by results of external survey, check of smoothness of a vybeganiye and measurement of a radial gap. A radial gap define on special adaptations of different designs. Admissible value of a radial gap of bearings of a kacheniye of subjects is less, than the place of its installation, i.e. the bearing which isn’t suitable for work in one place is more responsible, it is possible to use in another, less responsible.
For konusny bearings the assembly height which represents distance between opposite end faces of internal and external rings is defined.
At existence on a surface of a spring of cracks, zaboin, to deep corrosion it is subject to a vybrakovka. Measurement of the effort created by a spring carry out on special adaptations (for example MIP-100) the ruler and siloizmeryayushchy means should be which basic elements.
Vtulochno-rolikovye chains which are widely used in combines, examine about lack of a vykrashivaniye and cracks on rollers, rollers, plugs, plates. Links of a chain should turn around freely in hinges, jamming isn’t allowed. The pulling of chains is supervised by measurement of ten links which have been stretched with effort of 300-400 H. Measurements carry out a calliper on three sites which have been evenly placed on all length of a chain.
At chain asterisks supervise operation of teeths by measurement of their thickness, and also diameters of landing openings of naves and operation of shponochny and shlitsevy grooves.
At mass (specialized) repair of certain products in a workshop equip a workplace of a defektovshchik which respectively equip. In farms a defektovka carry out mainly on a place of dismantling of a product.
Details need to be cleared previously. The temperature of details and the measuring tool should be identical.
Obligatory element of process of a defektovka is technical documentation without which it is impossible to know the normal (factory) and admissible sizes of surfaces.
Control of suitability of details needs to be carried out being verified with factory or repair drawings which now on the majority of cars aren’t present or they are available, but for considerable means.
On Propozits_ya magazine materials.