In article it is recommended to introduce in production new hook-on chamber grape sprayers (single-row and dvukhryadny). They have a number of advantages over modern sprayers: are easy-to-work, less expense of working solution and a sanitary zone of vineyards, etc. Their technical characteristics and the contact address is given.
NATIONAL LEADER
The modern requirements shown to performance of technological operations of processing of plants yadoximikatami, put before scientists and production workers of a problem of creation and introduction of the new equipment, allowing to provide high efficiency of application of chemical means of protection of plants with the minimum harmful effects on environment. Now ventilyatorny sprayers both domestic, and import production are applied. At work both those, and others, emission of working solution on the soil and in the atmosphere reaches from 90 % to 30 % depending on the processing period that essentially increases harmful effects on environment. At spring processings of loss of solution reach the maximum sizes, they gradually decrease in process of development and increase in listostebelny weight of plants. The cloud arising at small disperse dispersion by ventilyatorny sprayers of solution yadoximikatov, can reach a number of the located domestic constructions and recreation areas of people. And it in the conditions of the Crimea where vineyards are often located near settlements, recreation areas and improvements of people, very dangerously. According to operating health regulations, chemical processing of vineyards by ventilyatorny sprayers is authorized to be carried out at distance from settlements and than recreation areas of people isn’t closer, than on 500 meters. It is necessary to note and that on a number of the technical and technological reasons application of ventilyatorny sprayers possibly only in windless weather at morning and evening o’clock.
Elimination of the above-stated shortcomings of existing technology of chemical processing of vineyards possibly at the expense of creation and introduction in production of new technologies, in particular sprayings by means of chamber sprayers. Thus processing of plants is carried out in the closed chamber. On plants there is that amount of working solution which can hold their listostebelny device and fruits. The drops of the working solution which have not settled on plants, are caught by special devices and come back back to the main tank of a sprayer. Solution emission on the soil and in the atmosphere is minimized, work of a sprayer is authorized in various weather conditions and at any time, except for rainy days.
By scientists of the Southern branch of the NAU Crimean agrotechnological university in common with specialists of the Nauka scientific and production enterprise (Simferopol) are developed, made and pass wide economic check prototypes of hinged and hook-on chamber sprayers.
Single-row sprayer OBKH-300/500 is aggregated with class 14kN catarpillars, such as T-70B or T-70C. On request of consumers, sprayers can be made for an agregatirovaniye with wheel tractors of the MTZ-80/82 type or YuMZ with the established narrow track of running wheels. Hook-on dvukhryadny chamber sprayer OKPV-1000 is aggregated with wheel tractors of the MTZ-80/82 type or YuMZ.
Sprayer OBKH-300/500 represents the hinged agricultural car intended for carrying out chemical protection of vineyards from wreckers and diseases in foothill and mountain conditions by a method of low-volume spraying of bushes in the closed chamber with catching and return to capacity of working solution which has not settled on bushes.
The car consists of two blocks which have been independently hung on a tractor: capacities for working solution with equipment of cleaning and the adjustment of supply of solution which is separately hung by the worker of the chamber with raspylivayushchy devices and mechanisms of catching and return to a tank of surpluses of solution. The capacity is hung on a back hinge plate of a tractor, the working chamber – on a lateral bar of a frame of a tractor. The width of the working chamber and height of its arrangement over a surface of the soil is regulated distantly from tractor hydrosystem from a workplace of the tractor operator.
Hinged single-row chamber sprayer OBKH-300/500
Introduction of a chamber sprayer allows to lower a consumption of working solution in 2-3 times.
Technical characteristics
* on request of the customer the developer can establish by the car capacity capacity from 300 to 600 liters,
** having provided an agregatirovaniye with other brands of tractors.
Dvukhryadny chamber hook-on grape sprayer OKPV-1000 represents the hook-on agricultural car intended for carrying out chemical protection of grape plantings from wreckers and diseases in flat conditions with a bias of the soil to 5o by a method of low-volume spraying of bushes in the closed chamber with catching and return to capacity of working solution which has not settled on bushes yadoximikata.
This car consists of the main frame with a running gear on which the capacity for working solution with equipment of giving, cleanings and regulations of a consumption of solution is established. On both parties of a frame working chambers with raspylivayushchy devices, mechanisms of catching and return to a tank of surpluses of solution are mounted. The width of working chambers and height of their arrangement over a surface of the soil is regulated distantly from tractor hydrosystem from a workplace of the tractor operator. The original system of a hitch of the car with a tractor allows to develop the unit on intercellular roads in width 6m and excludes driveshaft breakages in case of a turn with included VOM of a tractor.
Hook-on dvukhryadny chamber sprayer
The principle of work of various updatings of chamber sprayers is identical and differs from current equipment existence for a reuse of working solution.
At car movement on a number of vineyards, bushes of plants consistently get to the working chamber. For free passing of the expanded and bent bushes, and also the inclined shpalerny support, they become straight previously the special directing guards located in a forward part of the working chamber.
Working solution, passing through nozzles, it is sprayed in intra chamber space, forming a fog which, when moving sprayer along ranks of plants, is evenly distributed on their surface, without getting to the atmosphere and on the soil. Processing of plants in the closed chamber considerably reduces influence of a wind and ambient temperature by quality of spraying. Each of collectors with nozzles has possibility to change quantity of open nozzles and a spraying corner in relation to a row axis depending on height and a phase of blooming of leaves of plants, and also working speed of the car.
Particles of the sprayed solution which didn’t settle on plants, are caught by coverings of the working chamber, the top elastic cloth, sealants, catchers and get to special settlers from which liquid, by means of jet pumps (injectors), gets and moves back in capacity. For prevention of a zabivaniye of pumping-out devices by leaves, fragments of escapes, etc. before the intaking highway of pumps the filtering grid is established.
The prototype of a hinged chamber sprayer passed production tests on plantations of vineyards of GP "Taurida" (Alushta). It was revealed that indicators of quality of operation of the car meet the shown modern agrotechnical requirements. And the dvukhryadny hook-on chamber sprayer passed production tests in GP "Alushta".
Tests showed that the consumption of working solution when passing via raspylivayushchy devices can be regulated it in parameters from 300 to 1200 l/hectares, the consumption of solution on processing of plants makes 150-300 l/hectares, solution losses on the soil and in the atmosphere don’t exceed 30 l/hectares. Working speed of sprayers to 6-7 km/h, productivity an hour of the main time of a single-row hinged sprayer prior to 1,8 hectares/h, the hook-on dvukhryadny – to 3,6 hectares/h. For the working day (12 hours) it is possible to process about 20-30 hectares.
According to the conclusion of the state sanitary-and-epidemiologic examination No. 0.5.03-02-07/24470, introduction of a chamber sprayer will allow to lower a sanitary zone round vineyards with 500 to 20 meters that will give the chance to expand the areas of planting of young vineyards, to reduce expenses of working liquid, to provide ecological safety of environment.
Received at test and work in real economic conditions of hinged single-chamber sprayers positive results allow to begin development of the perspective two-chamber hook-on sprayer possessing higher technical characteristics.
Introduction of chamber sprayers allows to lower a consumption of working solution on processing of vineyards in two-three times, to exclude hit of chemicals on the soil and in the atmosphere.
Concerning the device, work, service regulations and acquisition of chamber sprayers to address: AR Crimea, Simferopol, Trubachenko St., 21, Research-and-production agricultural enterprise "Science", tel/fax (0652) 448-518.
P. Dogoda, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor Yuf of "KATU" NAU, academician.