In a note it is told about development and introduction of new alternative technologies of cultivation of page – x. cultures which are based on reduction of anthropogenous pressure by environment, including on the soil, with simultaneous decrease in expenses for performance of the mechanized operations and economy of energy resources.
Lately new alternative technologies of cultivation of agricultural cultures which are based on reduction of anthropogenous pressure by environment, including on the soil, with simultaneous decrease in expenses for performance of the mechanized operations and economy of energy resources intensively are developed and take root.
Such task was put before themselves by specialists of JSC NPP Belotserkov-MAZ.
In Ukrainian NIIPIT of. L.Pogorelogo passed test disk units of the AG type intended for crushing of raw condensed soils. At once a number of essential advantages in comparison with analogs (BDT-7) was noted: for 25-30 % less specific metal consumption, is less than diameter of a working disk (510 against 625 mm). Quality of dyeing of the soil at level of agrorequirements was provided for one pass that the average disk harrow of type of Big Drama Theatre carried out for two-three passes.
There is also other successful development. Unit UDA-4,5-20 can successfully compete to any disk harrow in productivity and thus quality of processing of the soil will be higher, and cost of its performance – below.
Design feature of disk units of JSC NPP Belotserkov MAZ is their obligatory equipment on all width of capture by a skating rink equalizer which in addition loosens the top layer of earth, condenses its bottom horizons and levels a surface.
Soil-cultivating cars in the unit with domestic tractors have working speeds of 10-12 km/h, than their high efficiency with simultaneous decrease in fuel consumption and work is provided.
The new hinged unit for deep loosening of the soil GR-3,4-45 which loosens it without hashing on depth 45 see is created.
Production of the PN-2 unit intended for crushing of the vegetative remains and a mulchirovaniye of a surface of a field after harvesting and cultivator KN-3,8-12 for superficial loosening of the soil is adjusted. The new cultivator allows to carry out semi-steam and steam processing of the soil with smaller, than disk units energy consumption, and also to carry out high-quality preseeding processing under adverse conditions.
Preserving (ST – Conservtiontillage) the technology of processing of the soil is based on such processing methods, as the maximum preservation and adjustable accumulation of moisture during the autumn and winter period.; preservation about 20-30 % of the pozhnivny remains on a soil surface after culture crops; replacement of deep main pluzhny processing with a complete revolution of a layer of the soil on the bezotvalny deep chizelny; destruction of weeds by the combined method connecting machining and chemical means; crops by the seeders equipped with uzkoklinovy soshnik.
Mulching (MT-MulchTillage) technological processing of the soil is based on such processing methods, as preservation and additional accumulation of moisture during the autumn and winter period; preservation of insignificant quantity of the pozhnivny remains on a soil surface; replacement of otvalny processing of the soil with superficial loosening with an insignificant turn of the top layer of earth; destruction of weeds by the combined methods, crops of seeds by the seeders equipped with disk soshnik.
Application of preserving technology allows more than by 25 % to reduce an expense of fuels and lubricants, to 30 % to increase productivity of units, to lower total expenses of work and thus to save about 70 úÓ¡./hectare a factor operational cost for performance of a complex of the mechanized works on processing of the soil and crops of different agricultural cultures on all zones of Ukraine.
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).