In the publication short characteristics and an agrotechnology of cultivation of a marjoram garden, a melissa lemon, a thyme ordinary are given.
PRYANOAROMATICHESKIE VEGETABLE PLANTS
Spices diversify a food, giving with ordinary produktami aromatic and flavoring harmony. Possessing strong bakteyoritsidny properties of spice – excellent preservatives. Spices are used in traditional medicine and cookery.
MARJORAM GARDEN – a long-term semi-bush of family yasnotkovy. Homeland Mediterranean. Numerous stalks obrazuyut a bush in height 40-60 see. The fruit consists of four very small odnosemyanny nutlets. Seeds with very strong specific smell, the Marjoram – a thermophilic plant. In culture grow up as annual more often. To cultivate it neobxodimo on the lungs which are warmed up, the fertile soils protected from cold winds. It is exacting to light. It is drought-resistant, but in nachale growth and development negatively reacts to a lack of moisture. Blossoms in June-July, fructifies in September. Breeds seeds, division of a bush and a green cherenkovaniye. The seeds mixed with dry sand, sow to the heated-up soil on depth 1-1,5 see. Norm vyseva – 3-4 kg. Grades entered into the state Register aren’t present, ispolzuyut local forms.
Leaving is reduced to a prorezhivaniye of plants (distance between them among 15-20 see), width of row-spacings 70 see. During vegetation carry out 3-4 cultivations and as much weedings, to waterings.
Clean a marjoram at the beginning of flowering. Green leaves and stalks cut off on 5 see from a soil surface.
In Europe a marjoram consider as irreplaceable spice at a proizvodyostvo of sausages and drinks. It is used at a pickles of cucumbers and tomatov. It apply as seasoning to preparation of salads, vegetable and meat dishes, and also soups. In traditional medicine ispolzuetsya at diseases of respiratory and digestive bodies, and also at sleeplessness.
MELISSA LEMON – a perennial plant of family yasnotkoyovy. The homeland – the Mediterranean. The zoned grades aren’t present. In praktike local forms are used. The main component of essential oil is Tsitral. The melissa is exacting to heat and light. At cultivation in shady places its productivity decreases and it becomes less fragrant.
Plant drought-resistant and rather holodostoyky. Seeds sprout at temperature 10-12°C. Well grows on fertile and moderately damp soils. Breeds seeds, bush division, layers and root shanks. At reproduction by seeds in peryovy year doesn’t blossom. On one place 3-5 years grow. Seeds for cultivation of sprouts sow in March at the rate of 1,5-2 g/m. Sprouts at the age of 35-45 days land on a constant place vesyony with distances 70 x 25-30 see. At reproduction by bush division a landing material prepare in the early spring from the 3-4th summer plantation.
Care of a plantation consists in the maintenance of the soil in a friable and pure condition from weeds.
At seed reproduction cleaning begin for the second year after sprouts landing, at vegetative – in a year of landing. Greens ubiraetsya in a phase of a butonizatsiya 2-3 times during the season. After everyone srezki plants feed up and water. The melissa possesses gentle osveyozhayushchy lemon aroma. In its food industry ispolzuyut for aromatization of liqueurs and tinctures. The fresh and dried-up leaves and young escapes apply as spice at a marinoyovaniye of vegetables and as seasoning to various dishes. The melissa is well combined with a game, veal, pork, mutton and fish.
THYME ORDINARY – an evergreen semi-bush of family yasnotkovy. Blossoms in June-July. Leaves and young escapes have strong spicy aroma, them use in salads and as seasoning to vegetable, meat and fish dishes, for salting of cucumbers. They serve and for aromatization of sausages.
The thyme ordinary – a photophilous plant, prefers well shined, protected from winds, fertile and vodoproniyotsayemy soils. Breeds seeds at direct crops in soil and the sprouts which have been grown up in cold hotbeds and ridges, and also shanks and bush division. Seeds sow in March-April on depth 1-1,5 see. Sprouts land in open soil in May, at bezrassadny culture seeds sow in March-April. Cleaning of a thyme begin in June. Leaving consists in careful cleaning from sornyakov, top dressing by mineral fertilizers and soil loosening. In the southern areas a thyme cultivate on one place of 5 and more years.
N SKRIPKIN, honored worker of agricultural industry of Ukraine.