In the report of the first deputy the minister of an agrarian policy of S. Pelagenko it is a question of problems which for many years developed in wine growing of the Crimea, and also how they now decide in traditionally vinogradarsky regions of an autonomy. It is reported in the report and on a new order of allocation of grants for wine growing development in the Crimea.
(from the report With
(from AR Crimea S. P. Pelagenko’s report of the first deputy the minister of an agrarian policy)
The Crimea always historically associated with wine growing and winemaking. Production of grapes and products of its processing was one of the most important byudzhetonapolnyayushchy directions of economic activity of agro-industrial complex of the Crimea and consequently its preservation and further development is especially important problem of today.
Unfortunately, the last 20 years this major branch of economy of agrarian sector appeared in protracted system crisis, the beginning to which was necessary at the time of realization of the antialcoholic company in the mid-eighties last century. In 1981-1985 vineyards occupied the space of 86 thousand hectares, including specific weight of the young made 40 %. For the same period on grapes reached 55,7 c/hectares, gross collecting – 310 thousand tn. Since 90 years of the area of vineyards systematic began to decrease by 2,5-3 thousand hectares a year with the corresponding decrease in productivity and gross collecting. And, reduction of capacity of branch occurred not only where she wasn’t a leader, but also in traditionally vinogradarsky areas – Bakhchsarai, Simferopol, Kirovsk. Most of all both the areas, and production of grapes were reduced in Leninsk, Pervomaisk, Soviet, Kirovsk and Black Sea administrative regions. In 2000 the area of vineyards already made 35,8 thousand hectares, including fructifying – 34 thousand hectares, practically didn’t become young plantings. Productivity decreased to 36,7 c/hectares (66 %), gross collecting – 124,2 thousand tn (40 %) (were reduced in 2,5 times). The same tendencies remained and the next 4 years.
Thus, by 2006 in cost of gross output of agricultural industry only 3 % were the share of a share of grapes, and in plant growing production – 5,4 %. In structure of total area of the agricultural holdings being in using of agricultural enterprises specific weight of vineyards made only 2,2 %. Only the last three years the tendency to revival of branch of wine growing was outlined. For 01.01.2007 vineyards of the republic were stabilized on the area of 31,7 thousand hectares, including 28 thousand hectares of fructifying plantings. Young vineyards 3,7 thousand hectares were planted, their specific weight rose to 11,6 %. In structure of vineyards under technical grades 25,5 thousand hectares (80,4 %), table 6,2 thousand hectares (19,6 %) today are occupied.
The reasons constraining rates of development of branch, are difficult and diverse. In recent years negative influence is rendered first of all by socially economic factors: rise in prices for energy resources; agricultural machinery; fertilizers and pesticides; shpalerny wire and grape stakes; other materials.
From branch of wine growing outflow of qualified personnel and labor proceeds, in many farms remained on 3-4 constants of workers on 50-100 hectares of the area of vineyards. That is, load of one worker exceeds standard at 10-20 time.
Still low there is an agrotechnology level, especially in unspecialized agricultural enterprises. The protection system is reduced to a minimum (1-2 processings, instead of 5-6), practically aren’t introduced mineral fertilizers. In the majority of unspecialized farms care of grape bushes is limited to an obrezky and dry garter.
In recent years, to socio-economic factors the climatic were added also. It, first of all, winter and late spring frosts which negatively affects grape plantings. They prematurely lose efficiency, grow old, become unfit for use. According to the inventory which has been carried out by experts of farms and regional managements of agroindustrial development, 8,3 thousand hectares or 26 % of vineyards – are unpromising and any more don’t pay back the expenses enclosed in them. These areas are subject to prime reconstruction. 8,9 thousand hectares, and are more than 28,4 % of vineyards, are defined as potential and at good leaving, observance of technology of cultivation of grapes will provide a crop not less than 60 c/hectares. The most perspective, with stable productivity, occupy the space of 10,8 thousand hectares or 34 %.
Thus, from the area of 20 thousand hectares, and it is 71 % from total area, we can collect already today more than 140 thousand tn grapes, and we collect only 80-90 thousand tons. That is, the available potential is used for only 65 %. It is necessary to treat agrotechnology questions seriously. Today the branch of wine growing experiences serious difficulties. For ensuring its stabilization there was a need to keep its development for a transition period. However the Law of Ukraine passed in 1999 About collecting on development of wine growing, gardening and a hmelevodstvo No. 587-XIV for a number of reasons couldn’t eliminate considerably the crisis phenomena in branch and provide its steady rise as the mechanism of implementation of the Law appeared far from perfect. So, in 2006 agricultural producers of all forms of ownership it is planted by 1061 hectares of new vineyards and at the sum of expenses of agricultural enterprises on landing and care of young plantings of gardens and vineyards of 77,7 million UAH. 30,6 million UAH that makes 39,4 % are compensated for the account of means of 1 % of collecting only. As a result of sharp underfinancing of agricultural producers at the expense of means of 1 % of collecting, deficiency of own current assets, impossibility in demanded volumes to use credit resources of commercial banks rates of reconstruction and development of wine growing of the Crimea remain low.
It is necessary to note that in 2007 agricultural enterprises of agro-industrial complex of the Autonomous Republic Crimea conduct works on a laying of new plantings of gardens and vineyards more actively. As of May 10, 2007 1605 hectares of long-term plantings or 65 % from a forecast (2474) are planted, including: gardens 893 hectares (92 % from a forecast), vineyards of 712 hectares (47 % from a forecast) are planted. In the current year gained good rates on landing of vineyards in Kirovsk the area where 160 hectares (139 % of a forecast) in NPAO "Massandra" are planted 111 hectares are planted (80 % from a forecast), coped with a forecast in the Soviet and Black Sea areas. Results could be and above if the enterprises obtained compensation of expenses for a bookmark and care of young plantings for last 3 months 2007.
The ministry of an agrarian policy of AR Crimea in due time directs documents on a kompesatsiya in the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine. It is already sent documents for compensation for the sum of 19 million UAH., however so far any hryvnia it is not received.
Not only volumes of landing play important role in wine growing development, and and timely performance of elements of technology. Statement of vineyards on a lane demands not less attention, than landing of new vineyards as every year backlogs with lane statement from landing conducts to prolongation of the introduction of a vineyard in fructification for 2 years. So, in 2006 in the republic there were 357 hectares of fructifying vineyards without a support. And it means that these areas don’t give effective return and not less than 4,5 thousand tn grapes will be half-received.
In the conditions of the Crimea ensuring steady gross vintage possibly only on irrigated vineyards. In structure of grape plantings specific weight of irrigated vineyards should be supported at level not less than 15-20 % from total area. Now grape farms go by the way of creation of systems of automation of the waterings providing an economical irrigation, and also allowing at any time to conduct works on processing of row-spacings and chemical protection of vineyards from wreckers.
What prospect of development of branch of wine growing for the next period? At present the areas of vineyards are stabilized on the area of 30-32 thousand hectares with gross production of 85-90 thousand tn.
In landing the enterprises of the Southern coast, the Bakhchsarai and Kirov areas generally are engaged. Taking into account requirement of processing industry and vacationers it is necessary to finish the areas of vineyards to level of 50 thousand hectares, and gross production – to 300-350 thousand tons. For this purpose it is necessary to expand landings in a neukrovny zone of wine growing – Black Sea, Razdolnensky and Leninsk areas, and also cold-resistant grades – in the Simferopol, Krasnogvardeysky, Nizhnegorsky and Soviet areas. In the solution of this task we assign big hope to associations of wine-growers and wine makers of the Crimea.
On April 4, 2007 the Cabinet council of Ukraine adopted the resolution No. 613 as which approved changes to An order of collecting collecting and use of funds for development of wine growing, gardening and a hmelevodstvo, approved by the resolution KMU from July 15, 2005 of No. 587. The new order has a number of essential differences from former, namely: bankrupts or against what action on bankruptcy, and also, the farms having more than half a year of debt on obligatory payments in the budget and social funds is brought haven’t the right to economy compensation.
The real order defined the reporting of farms for the received and used means within two weeks since receiving means. The resolution demands from farms of obligations on return of the received means in case of detection by supervisory authorities of their no-purpose use or forgery for receiving. In case of identification of such actions the economy is excluded from financing for a period of 3 years.
The main difference of a new order that documents acceptance from farms, determination of preliminary volume of financing proceeding from standards of expenses for 1 hectare and control of the actual amount of works with departure in an economy is assigned to the regional commissions.