In the publication it is a question that at the wrong storage of difficult cars and agricultural machinery the technical condition happens much worse, than after the most hard work in the field.
The greatest distribution was received by the combined way of storage of equipment when in garages and sheds store in the basic the cars having many details of made their textile, rezinotekstilny materials and wood, and plows, harrows, hitches, both other cars and tools establish seeders on the prepared open areas and under canopies.
Correctly organized storage of cars economically for farms.
Seasonality of field works in agricultural industry conducts to that many cars use in a year only 2-4 weeks
Seasonality of field works in agricultural industry conducts to that many cars use in a year only 2-4 weeks. A number of cars works with long or kratyokovremenny breaks during which takzhe it is necessary to organize their storage.
At the cars which have not been cleared of a dust, the earth, fertilizers, seeds and the vegetative remains which have not been washed up and ungreased, established somehow, hastily, without supports, with not removed knots and the details which are especially subject to harmful effects of atmospheric conditions, by the end of term of such "hrayoneniye" usually technical condition happens much worse, than after the most hard work in the field.
On a quarter the capacity of internal combustion engines decreases and the consumption of engine oils if are struck with corrosion of a surface of sleeves of cylinders increases by 50-80 percent. In 3-3,5 times the length of life of tires of hoyodovy wheels of combine harvesters in those hoyozyaystvo where the equipment is stored carelessly is reduced. The general annual losses connected with storage and an obyosluzhivaniye of cars in unsatisfactory usloyoviya and in insufficiently equipped rooms, are estimated at 7-10 percent from their balance cost.
Corrosion is shown not only in decrease in weight of cars, but also in falling of wear resistance of rubbing surfaces of interfaces. It essentially influences and fatigue durability of the details subject to action of sign-variable and shock loadings, reducing term of their service by 40-60 percent. The number of failures of cars and unforeseen stops in the field increases. Corrosion of bearings of a kacheniye, precision details of fuel equipment and hydrosystem, shlifovanny surfaces of shaft, cylinders and other details as its adverse effect is shown in operating time is especially dangerous and leads to long outages of technology. The remains of the earth, fertilizers and the plants, not removed from a surface of metal parts, serve as moisture accumulators, promoting corrosion. The increased aggressive action on metals mineral fertilizers and yadoximikaty differ.
If metal parts become covered rzhavyochiny, rubber and rezinotekstilny an izdeyoliya grow old, and wooden details collapse under the influence of a precipitation and temperature drop. Oxidation and rubber aging especially intenyosivno proceed under the influence of sunshine and the increased temperature.
Original scourge of agricultural machinery at its negligent storage is the razukomplektovaniye and replacement of efficient details and knots worn out or failed. Such reception leads only to premature write-off of cars and yields heavy losses and to farms, and the state.
And still on the listed negative phenomena it is not necessary to look as at an inevitable evil. Correctly organized storage of cars reliably protects them from corrosion, weight loadings, assembly tension and action of other adverse factors during the non-working period, promoting their long and no-failure operation. And it is good to keep equipment it is possible not only in garages or sheds. And for million selskoyokhozyaystvenny tractors, cars and tools the stroiyotelstvo of the closed rooms is connected with ogromnymi capital investments.
In the majority of farms the greatest rasproyostraneniye was received by the combined way of a hrayoneniye of equipment. It is that in garages and sheds the cars having many details, the made from textile, rezinotekstilny materials and the wood which removal is interfaced to considerable volume of razborochny works store in the basic. Kartofeleuborochny and beet-harvesting combines, sortings, zernoochistitelny installations belong to number of such cars, for example. Plows, harrows, hitches, both other cars and tools establish seeders on the prepared open areas and under canopies. Knots and the details which are especially subject to action of neyoblagopriyatny atmospheric conditions, such as devices of electric equipment and accumulators, driving vtulochno-roller chains and belts, semyaprovody and tukoprovody, tools and zapasyony parts, textile and rezinotekstilny an izdeyoliya, remove and completely hand over on a warehouse.
Experience of many farms testifies that on well equipped open areas is possible is long to store even such difficult mashiny, as combine harvesters. Certainly, storage on the open areas is should predshestvovat by the corresponding preliminary preparation of equipment. The volume of a preparatory work is defined by climatic conditions of a zone in which there is an economy, and a type of storage – short-term (about two months) or long.
Before short-term storage the car clear, carry out maintenance, fill with fuel and oils (except water, in a cold season), close final and intakes, cover a protective smazyoky surface of unpainted details and working bodies, a carving of drafts and hinges. Details and knots, except for polotenny conveyors and noyozhy cutting devices, usually don’t remove. This work is carried out by the tractor operator. The car ostavlyayut in a brigade camp.
Considerably bigger volume carry out by preparation for long storage of cars after the termination of a season of field works or during the breaks, lasting more than two months. Here the main task – it is reliable to preserve all knots and the mechanisms subject to influence of atmospheric conditions, it is correct to establish cars.
Now preparation for long storage and equipment service in storage in many farms is carried out by special groups of mechanics on machine yards. A duty of the tractor operator maintaining the car to clear it of a dust, dirt and the vegetative remains and to hand over in a complete and working order under the act to the manager of a machine yard. All other works on preparation and car statement on storage, and also supervision, service in storage, removal from storage and preparation for work are carried out by mechanics of a machine yard. They carry out simple repair of cars, acquisition and adjustment of units. At any organization of works the car in storage sector dolzhna to arrive after careful cleaning and a sink. To prepare the car for storage it is necessary on equipped (better concreted) for a platform where replace oil in cases and greasing in bearing knots. Having removed knots and details, predyonaznachenny for storage in a warehouse, smooth out places with the damaged coloring and paint them or cover with protective greasing, carry out preservation of knots and units, put the car on linings and supports. The removed knots and details store completely.
Preparation of equipment is better for beginning at once after the termination of a season and to lead her in 2-3 days, as corrosion of metal details protekaet especially intensively to an initial stage, upon termination of use of cars.
It is very important to put good protective greasing: SHK (agricultural konservatsionny), Neftegaz-204U, a benzino-bitumen mix, 10 – 20 percent solution petrolatuma in waste oil. The listed greasings aren’t washed away by a rain and protect surfaces of details from corrosion within 1,5-2 years.
In a car storage time regularly examine, clear them of snow, correct supports, check quality of preservation. Systematically check the removed details and the knots being in a warehouse, especially storage batteries, rubber, rezinotekstilny and leather details and products. All works conduct in strict accordance with rules of storage of agricultural machinery.
Correctly organized storage of cars ekonomicheski is favorable to farms. On supervision of scientists, the increase in equipment of farms means of storage from 0,35 to 1,28 and 2,84 percent from balance cost of cars allows to raise a mid-annual operating time of a conditional tractor with 351 respectively to 363 and 384 conditional reference hectares, to reduce costs of repair with 1,6 to 1,34 and 0,87 UAH. counting on 1 conditional reference hectare to reduce cost of processing of 1 conditional reference hectare according to 5,8 to 4,9 and 4,3 UAH. Careful storage of equipment saves to the state of one hundred millions rubles, preventing premature write-off of cars, increasing non-failure operation and a dolgovechyonost of their work.
The care of safety of tractors, agricultural cars and the equipment should become an indispensable vital rule for any rural machine operator.
Pomaterialampechatnykhizdany.