In the publication the analysis of results in vegerable-growing branch for 2008 is made. The attention is paid to introduction of new perspective grades of vegetables and potatoes, and also resource-saving technologies.
In the table comparative indicators of production of ovoshchebakhchevy production and potatoes in a cut of regions of an autonomy are reflected.
Results of work of branch of vegetable growing
Past year with a view of the guaranteed and more complete providing the Crimea and the contingent of vacationers vegetable, bakhchevy produkcieji potatoes, heads and specialists of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Autonomous Republic Crimea, regional public administrations, managements of agroindustrial development, farms of all forms of ownership, including and the population, carried out purposeful organizational and agrotechnological work not only on performance of look-ahead indicators, but also increase in gross collecting production. As a result, according to final data of Head Department of statistics in AR Crimea, in 2008 in all categories of farms it was collected potatoes – 346,4tys. t (+161,7tys. t by 2007), vegetables of everything, including the opened and protected soil – 283,1tys.t (+75,3 thousand t by 2007) and melon fields of food–11,3 thousand t (+ 3,7tys.t by 2007).
Indicators of performance of production of ovoshchebakhchevy production and potatoes in a cut of regions of an autonomy for 2008 are characterized as follows: (see the table).
The analysis for expired year shows that the main production of this production was unfortunately concentrated in a private sector: potatoes of-98,3 %, vegetables of only-84,9 %, including in open soil of-90,8 % and bakhchevy production of-83,8 %.
As a whole agricultural enterprises and farms of the Crimea provided performance of look-ahead indicators of production of vegetables for 113,7 % (a forecast of 37749 t, the fact. 42935 t), bakhchevy production – 155,9 % (a forecast of 1185 t, the fact. 1847 t) and, unfortunately, potatoes – 99,8 % (a forecast of 6103 t, the fact. 6092 t).
The program of production of potatoes is almost curtailed by agricultural enterprises and farms of the Bakhchsarai, Belogorsky, Kirov and Black Sea areas. It is less, than 100 t of potatoes are collected in Soviet, Simferopol, Nizhnegorsky, Leninsk and Razdolnensky areas. Not in full executed the program on production of vegetables of agricultural enterprise and farms of the Kirov area where production made 57,4 %, Soviet – 62,8 %, Razdolnensky – 71,4 %, Dzhankoysky – 75,4 % and Bakhchsarai – 96,5 %.
Didn’t provide performance of look-ahead indicators on bakhchevy cultures of agricultural enterprise and farms in the Dzhankoysky area where performance made 10,8 %, Soviet – 33,7 %, Leninsk – 46,6 % and Razdolnensky – 59,3 %.
At the same time, in equal conditions with the above-named areas public administrations and regional managements of agroindustrial development of the Black Sea and Nizhnegorsky areas skillfully directed work of vegetable growers on revival in agricultural enterprises and farms of production of vegetables (in total about 1000 t), and in Saksky and Pervomaisk – production of bakhchevy production (nearly 600 t).
It is pleasant to note that in the left year the special attention was given to introduction in production of resource-saving technology of cultivation of vegetable, bakhchevy cultures and potatoes with use of systems of a drop irrigation. According to Reskomvodkhoz Kryma’s operative data, in all categories of farms on a drop irrigation vegetables on squares of 906,8 hectares, bakhchevy cultures – on 254,2 hectares and potatoes – na10,4 were cultivated by hectare. As a whole it is more level of 2007 on 283,8 hectares.
Among areas the leader was May Day–163,5 hectares. It follows Krasnogvardeysky – 148,5 hectares, Saksky – 142 hectares, Simferopol – 116 hectares and Krasnoperekopsky – 104 hectares. Unfortunately, the drop irrigation yet has no development in Belogorsky, Kirovsk and Nizhnegorsky areas.
The significant contribution to implementation of the production program by agricultural enterprises and farms brought staff of winter hothouse and vegetable combines which made 19,1 thousand t of vegetables that makes 44,5 % from total amount of their production. From them only in the Simferopol area it was collected 14,1 thousand t and Bakhchsarai – 4,8 thousand tons.
In the protected soil by right it is possible to call a leader of the Crimean vegetable growing the SOOO Krymteplitsa collective headed by the Honoured worker of agricultural industry of Ukraine, the academician of the Ukrainian academy of technological sciences Alexander Modestovich Vasilyev. Under its management reconstruction of hothouses on the area of 9,3 hectares with replacement of old designs by new modern industrial hothouses with height of the skate 5,5 meters is carried out.
The rassadny office on the area of 0,5 hectares where all processes connected with cultivation of sprouts, are completely automated is constructed. Systems of a drop irrigation, planimetric heating of plants and isparitelny cooling are widely applied. Advanced technology of cultivation, sorting and packing of vegetables is introduced.
Are created and function biolaboratory on production of biological products for protection of plants against harmful organisms and laboratory on production of bumblebees which are used for pollination of tomatoes, pepper, an eggplant in own production and are realized to other hothouse combines.
Thanks to it in 2008 the collective grew up 9,8 thousand t of vegetable production that on 590 t more than in 2007 at average productivity of 42,3 kg/sq.m, including tomatoes of-48,3 kg/sq.m and cucumbers of-26,5 kg/sq.m. It is the highest indicator of production of vegetables for all history of work of SOOO Krymteplitsa collective.
A lot of work on introduction is carried out to production of achievements of a science and the best practices at hothouse and vegetable combines of state of emergency of "Fanels-TT", JSC Agrofirm "Ukraine" of the Bakhchsarai area and AOOO Soviet Ukraine of the Simferopol area.
By the way, quality of all production made in winter hothouse and vegetable combines of the Crimea, is taken under careful control, since the production moment before receipt to the consumer. It surpasses production of the import producer in flavoring and quality indicators.
In recent years everything began to be engaged in production of vegetables in the protected soil and the population of the Crimean region more actively. So, in 2008 it was used 58,4ga different types of constructions of the protected soil, 5,3 thousand t of various vegetable production are collected at average productivity of 9,1 kg/sq.m.
A certain work on a production growth in volumes a vegetable-bakhchevoy of production and potatoes was carried out also by specialists of department of plant growing of branch of scientific and technical information and agricultural consultation of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center by providing recommendations about introduction to production of new perspective resource-saving grades and hybrids of vegetable and bakhchevy cultures and potatoes of domestic and foreign selection and the advanced modern technologies of their cultivation. On a contractual basis to farms of SPK "Georgia" and "Afonyushkin’s" state of emergency of the May Day area, JSC 8 Martha-Agrosad of the Dzhankoysky area, state of emergency "Suleymanov" of the Saksky area and KFH "Barin" of the Krasnogvardeysky area constantly there was a necessary information and advisory and practical help on selection of grades and hybrids of vegetable and bakhchevy cultures and potatoes, providing with a sowing and landing material of high reproductions, and also the methodical help in observance of agrotechnical actions.
Unfortunately, in the expired season not all tested grades and hybrids
could open completely the potential possibilities on
efficiency. The reason for that were extremely adverse weather conditions practically throughout all vegetative period.
However the daily, accurately planned work on implementation of requirements of an agrotechnology of cultivated cultures taking into account their biological and high-quality features, allowed to reveal the most productive grades and hybrids of vegetable, bakhchevy cultures and potatoes.
Especially it would be desirable to note work of SPK Georgia collective of the May Day area headed by the Honoured worker of agricultural industry of Ukraine by Valery Ivanovich Hasitoshvili and his chief technologist of production of Pavel Ivanovicha Talalov.
In the territory of Pravdovsky village council where this economy is located, seven more farms which also are engaged in production of vegetable production and potatoes work in close contact. Heads and experts of SPK "Georgia" constantly render them the necessary methodical and practical help.
Solving the general problem, these farms increase from year to year volume of production of crop production, constantly introduce and improve energy saving production technologies of vegetable cultures and potatoes, using their high-quality features. All vegetable cultures on the area of 130 hectares were grown up a nakapelny irrigation. The main attention was given to introduction in production of resource-saving grades and hybrids of the cultivated cultures which have passed preliminary production test with reference to local conditions of cultivation. Thanks to it, in 2008 10,5 thousand t of vegetable production of open soil were made at average productivity of 807,6 c/hectares and potatoes of-3,5 thousand t, with productivity of 233,3 c/hectares. The production gain to level of 2007 made respectively on vegetables of 2,5 thousand t and potatoes of-1,0 thousand t.
On efficiency it is better than others the following grades and hybrids proved to be: potatoes – Sekura (33 t/hectares), Serpanok (30 t/hectares), Folva (29 t/hectares); onions – the Comet (100 t/hectares), Dighton (100 t/hectares), Universo (95 t/hectares), Taresko (85 t/hectares); cucumbers – the Karaoke (40 t/hectares), Crispin (38 t/hectares); carrots – Red Kor (45 t/hectares); cabbage – Ankoma (95 t/hectares), Kaunt (90 t/hectares), Vilson (90 t/hectares); a beet – Detroit 2-Nero (55 t/hectares).
Now these farms realize the grown-up crop. Unfortunately, consumer ability of production while remains below, than last year. Therefore search of the guaranteed sales markets and
customers on vegetable cultures and potatoes – the main task of today.
In "Afonyushkin’s" state of emergency of the May Day area well was recommended by resource-saving grades of potatoes and hybrids of cabbage belokochanny, grown up in open soil. On 24 hectares in spring and summer landings the grade of potatoes of local selection the Crimean rose was grown up. Thanks to early landing it was possible to receive on 23 t of commodity tubers from hectare. At summer landing productivity was slightly less and made 20 t from hectare.
It is necessary to tell that this grade of potatoes always draws attention of the Crimean consumer and uses the increased consumer demand.
The special attention on productivity, quality of production and stability to adverse conditions of cultivation is deserved by hybrids of belokochanny cabbage Kaporal, Krautman, Ankoma, Vestri, Koronet and Silema. Efficiency was up to standard of them 90, 80, 75, 70, 60 and 40 t of commodity heads of cabbage from hectare respectively.
Cultivation of these hybrids of cabbage allowed to create the conveyor of delivery and its realization both for the fresh use, and for processing.
Work on introduction of innovations and in JSC 8 Martha-Agrosad of the Dzhankoysky area proceeded. Vegetables here were grown up on the area of 30 hectares, from them with use of a drop irrigation on 18 hectares. Besides, at cultivation of potatoes of grades the Crimean rose and the Nevsky on the area of 1,5 hectares the new type of an ukryvny material – agrofibre in density of 23 g/m2 was used. It allowed to accelerate considerably growth and development of plants, and also to start cleaning of the grown-up crop almost for two weeks before usual terms, to collect thus on 30 t of commodity tubers from one hectare.
From grown-up vegetable cultures in the conditions of an economy it is better than others the carrots grade Red Kor proved to be. Its productivity reached 30 t/hectares. Well itself the grade of onions of domestic selection recommended also the Globe with productivity of 40 t/hectares.
In the current year in an economy is planned to continue works on improvement and further introduction in production of resource-saving grades and hybrids of vegetable cultures and potatoes, and also energy saving technologies of their cultivation.
Works and in state of emergency "Suleymanov" of the Saksky area are summed up. Cultures here were grown up by Ovoshchebakhchevye on the area of 79,2 hectares, from them in open soil – 78 hectares that in comparison with 2007 it is more on 22 hectares. In the protected soil – 1,2 hectares.
Provyodenny under production conditions farms the analysis grown up kulturpokazyvaet that despite the developed extreme weather conditions, tested grades and hybrids on usual traditional technology showed high efficiency.
Perfectly themselves hybrids of belokochanny cabbage Perlina, Krautman, Bravo and Silema with productivity on the average recommended 70 t from hectare.
Economic efficiency of cultivation of bakhchevy cultures through sprouts proved to be true. These are melons the Passport, Amal, Bezan, Delano and a water-melon of Trofi and Hollow with productivity at level of 50 and 80 t/hectares respectively.
Drew attention of the consumer and pepper of a grade of Ivanhoe, an eggplant Diamond and the Nadir, a beet Detroid 2-Nero, carrots of Bolteks used the increased consumer demand grown up in this economy. In our opinion, in these grades all properties which are shown by producers and consumers are ideally connected.
In spring hothouses on solar heating in early vesennnj the period grades of a garden radish of foreign selection of Rubbish and Burro Dzhiganta were grown up. Their trade dress, flavoring qualities, productivity, almost disposable harvesting in comparison with other grades and hybrids were unsurpassed. The second turn after a garden radish grew up on a drop orsheniye indeterminantny hybrids of tomatoes of foreign selection such as Brooklyn, the Charleston, by Rally, Bela, Makhaon, Pietro and Berberan. They provided high efficiency throughout all vegetative period lasting practically to frosts. The main feature of these hybrids – is ability to grow and give a good harvest in the most extreme conditions of their cultivation. They very well transfer low and high temperatures, thus keeping a zavyazyvayemost and quality of fruits.
In the conditions of an economy perfectly was recommended applied at cultivation of ovoshchebakhchevy cultures in various stages of development by a rasteniypolnost by water-soluble complex fertilizers with microcells. It fertilizers of a series of Akvarin and a growth factor Lignogumat of the Buysky chemical plant which official representative in the Crimea is the JSC Ariel firm.
Constantly rendered information and advisory and practical help of KFH "Barin" of the Krasnogvardeysky area in selection of grades and hybrids of ovoshchebakhchevy cultures and potatoes, and also providing with a seed and landing material of high reproductions positively affected results of work of group of vegetable growers of this economy.
As a whole work in difficult market conditions thanks to correctly picked up range of cultures cultivated a vegetable-bakhchevykh and potatoes and their high-quality structure, and also creation of optimum conditions of cultivation of each crop throughout all vegetative period was possible to the above-named farms to reach them economic efficiency.
Now heads and experts of farms of all forms of ownership, including and the population, results of the done work in vegetable growing branch taking into account local conditions analyze and
available possibilities most effectively to plan the production program of 2009.
In turn specialists of department of plant growing of branch of scientific and technical information and agricultural consultation of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center together with Association of vegetable growers of the Crimea are always ready to render the feasible information and advisory and practical help on introduction in production of achievements of a science, the best practices and other innovative projects on vegetable growing and potato growing to the interested agricultural enterprises, including and the population.
At the same time, the analysis of a condition of branch shows that population farmsteads, and the agricultural enterprises which have declared production of concrete production should make a basis of vegetable growing of the Crimea not. The size of an economy should allow to conduct vegetable growing on a scientific basis with application of obligatory timely alternation of cultures, use of new equipment and adaptive technologies. It will promote annual increase of productivity and gross production of cultivated cultures and, therefore, a gain in productivity of work and decrease in product cost.
The solution of these questions at us in the Crimea will allow to provide at the expense of own production the population, the budgetary and sanatorium establishments by vegetable production, bakhchevy cultures and potatoes in the range on full requirement.
I wish to all vegetable growers of our region of successes in implementation of the planned plans and desires. Labor victories new to you!
G. Tsyplyak, director general of Association of vegetable growers of the Crimea, leading expert of department of plant growing of KGA UKTs.