The material acquaints the reader with a condition of development of fishery in the Azovo-Chernomorsky pool, the main problems and ways of their decision.
Cabinet council of Ukraine
In the territory of the Crimea there are main fishing forces and material base of a fishery complex of Ukraine. It is the share of a share of the Crimean fishermen of more than a half of all production of fish and nearly 90 % of cultivation of mollusks in the country.
Fisheries in the Sea of Azov were really unique earlier and had no analogs in Europe. In the middle of the last century the Crimean fishermen delivered for a prompererabotka more than 30 breeds of fish, now – 8-10.
The economic crisis of the ninetieth years led to elimination of the Crimean forwarding oceanic fishery fleet extracting at the World Ocean about 1 million tons of fish in a year. Loss of a source of raw materials of oceanic breeds of fishes led to closing of a number of the Crimean rybopererabatyvayushchy enterprises, ports and ryboproduktsiya reduction in production on an order, from 140 thousand tons to 12-14 thousand tons.
Specialists of branch consider today that it is necessary to revive forwarding and oceanic fishing fleet in Kerch, on the basis of existing earlier, till 2003, the rybodobyvayushchy enterprises for the purpose of stable providing with fish production of the population of Ukraine.
Deepening of an economic crisis in a fishery complex, refusal of creation of system of a rybovosproizvodstvo, violation of an order of control in rybookhranny structures, big unemployment in branch created preconditions for a considerable increase of poaching in the Azovo-Chernomorsky pool. Brakonyersky intervention in production of water live resources of the Azov and Black seas so harmful that since 1997 the ban on a catch of especially valuable breeds of fish is imposed – the catch sturgeon is stopped, restriction on a catch of the fishes which natural reproduction doesn’t allow to keep their separate types and which trade is entered reduced from year to year.
Attempt of creation of a rybovosproizvodstvenny complex of the enterprises in the Autonomous Republic Crimea according to the law of Ukraine from 19.02.04. No. 1516-IV About the nation-wide development program of fishery of Ukraine for the period till 2010 didn’t give necessary results in the absence of financing.
Financing of such significant state programs, as "Sturgeon", "Aquaculture", "Mussel", "Selection" and a number of research and practical researches in the field of production of valuable breeds of fishes, cultivation of mollusks and a rybovosproizvodstvo is stopped.
The department of fishery of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of AR Crimea prepared the draft of the comprehensive program of development of fishery of the Autonomous Republic Crimea for 2008-2012 in which the directions of work on improvement of the organization of development of branch of fish breeding are defined.
It is necessary to note that in the first quarter 2008 production of commodity fish increased by 56 tons and made 184 tons, in comparison with 128 tons in 2007. However trade volumes in the Azovo-Chernomorsky pool were reduced by 315 tons, from 4187,8 tons in the 2007th to 3872,8 tons in the current year.
The main reasons for reduction of a catch of rybypozdniya ledostav in the Sea of Azov and a ban on fishery in the Kerch Strait with 17.11.07 to the present and reduction of trade volumes of a sprat in the Black Sea.
Intend to continue development and to improve fish-breeding and biological and feasibility studies on the organization of production and cultivation of sea commodity fish and objects marikultury, production of a ryboposadochny material of food fishes of the Azovo-Chernomorsky pool on lakes Kizil-Yar, Sasyk, Bogayla, Tobechinsky, Aktashsky, Bakalsky.
Let’s promote elimination of consequences of elemental disaster in the Kerch Strait and to opening of fishing trade for the fishery enterprises of the Autonomous Republic Crimea.
Considering high extent of pollution of the water environment, sharp deterioration of an ecological situation in the water area of the Kerch Strait, (since November, 2007), and absence of any actions on purification of waters now to come to a conclusion that possibility of elimination of fish stocks of the Azovo-Chernomorsky pool, and respectively closings of fisheries is so real that the delay of construction of the state rybovosproizvodstvenny enterprises will do irreparable harm of fishery branch of the Autonomous Republic Crimea and Ukraine as a whole.
For the purpose of restoration of raw material resources of the Azov and Black seas for future generations, and also achievements of food security of Ukraine it is necessary to create complex system of a rybovosproizvodstvo, having finished construction of the State enterprise Crimean rybopitomnik and other state rybovosproizvodstvenny objects, to build which in the Autonomous Republic Crimea it is planned the nation-wide development program of fishery of Ukraine for the period till 2010.
Century VOLOSHHUK, head of department of fishery of the ministry of an agrarian policy of AR Crimea.