The report of the chairman of VR ARK of B. D. Deitch, devoted to questions of a state of affairs in agrarian sector of an autonomy, ways of its exit from a crisis state and to other questions of agricultural production and the social sphere of the village.
The report of the chairman of VR ARK of B. D. Deitch on plenary Verkhovna Rada meetings on December 24, 2005
Dear deputies!
The urgency obsuzhdaemogo a question is caused by that the agricultural industry of an avtoyonomiya is today in such deep system crisis that rejection of karyodinalny measures calls into question ability of an agraryony complex tomorrow nakormit inhabitants and guests poluostrova.
There is a lot of reasons of such situation, but the main are connected with change of forms of a sobyostvennost on the earth, in in market oborot, creation new modeli land use, an otsutyostviye in the country of an accurate meyotodologiya agrarian reformy.
Society with hope met passed in oktyabre the Law About the main poyolozheniye of the state agrarian policy on period till 2015. Though, in my opinion, its separate provisions carry rather ideyoologicheskiya, than programmyono-economic character.
Provided in zakone the complex of legal, ekoyonomichesky and organizatsionyony measures of increase of an effekyotivnost of agrarian sector of economy is urged to provide the solution of social problems rural a naseleyoniya, dynamic development of rural territories.
Life showed that reyoformirovany agrarian and industrial complexes only at the expense of changes of forms of a sobyostvennost and creation of new agricultural foryomirovaniye doesn’t give desirable results. Farms, joint stock and druyogy companies without a neobkhodiyomy legislative obesyopecheniye, increase of tekhnichesyoky equipment, the vzaimovyyogodny relations between vsemi participants of production aren’t effective.
Thereof tovaroyoproizvoditel are compelled to reduce sowing campaigns ploshhadi, to pass to primitivyony technologies that privodit to growth of expenses and a productivity snizheyoniya.
These reasons caused low growth of selskokhoyozyaystvenny production in the Crimea. This year it sostavlyaet only near chetyrex percent. Peasants poluchili one million hundred devyanosto thousand tons of grain. Many of you remember that in former times the Crimea sobiral almost twice is more than grain.
The most big crop on the republic this year – in agricultural enterprise "Okyotyabrsky" of Krasnogvardeysyoky of the area. Here with ploshhadi nearly two thousand hectares are received on 52,5 centners from hectare.
At the same time nearly 90 agricultural enterprises collected on only ten centners. And here and there even less than five centners, as at the time of Kievan Rus’.
One of the reasons of a neeffekyotivnost of production yavlyaetsya low agrotechnical culture. I would tell, the brayokonyersky relation to the earth.
Adverse for oziyomy the autumn demands osushhestvlyat a constant monitoyoring of a condition of crops, to provide carrying out neobyokhodimy agrotechnical meyoropriyatiya for receiving a gayorantirovanny crop next year.
Important in time skorrektirovat structure of cultivated areas of summer cultures taking into account possible death of the winter. It is necessary soxranit for the area of all zernoyovy wedge.
We still use huge margin of safety which the agyoropromyshlenny complex of the Crimea nazad had two decades. Then at us proizvodilos much more fruit and vegetable and other proyoduktsiya. By the way, the areas under gardens reached 75 thousand hectares, and the gross proizyovodstvo of fruit exceeded 400 thousand tons. 40 % of the income of branch of plant growing gave Plodovodyostvo.
The world agrarian market sensitively reacts to shortcomings of the Crimean agriculture. In a large number to us postavlyayutsya vegetables, fruit, wine, drinks from many druyogy regions of Ukraine, Molyodaviya, Turkey and other countries.
Goes mass unichtozheyony gardens. The areas under ployodovy cultures sokratilis almost three times, and vayolovy collecting – five times. Extremely slowly there is an obnovyoleniye of gardens. Young nayosazhdeniye make only four percent of the areas.
Rates of a vykorchevka of old vineyards in the majority of areas considerably prevyshayut landing of the new.
Wine growing and plodovodyostvo in an autonomy start to revive. This year 480 hectares of gardens (almost twice more than in the past) are put, and – three times it is more than new viyonogradnik.
Some words about problemax, connected with a funktsioniyorovaniye of the North Crimean channel. Main water aryoteriya more than forty years snabzhaet drinking water bolyyoshy part of the cities and rajonov autonomies, obespechivaet irrigation of lands. To opened wide the Union 620 thousand hectares were irrigated, now – four times it is less.
But even remained potencial irrigated kompleksa it is used neudovyoletvoritelno in Chernomoryosky, Kirovsk, Soviet and other areas.
High tariffs for an elektyoroenergiya don’t allow selyanam to use dneprovyosky water for watering in a log volume. Its considerable part is dumped in the sea. The state sustains kolossalyyony losses.
It is necessary to us more persistently dobivatsya at level of a pravitelyyostvo of Ukraine of permission of all complex of problems: repair, reconstruction and functioning of orositelyyony systems on the peninsula.
We note some improvement of a situation in animal husbandry. Grows pogolove cattle and a bird, povyshaetsya efficiency otrasli. But indicators on regionam and to farms sushchestvenyono differ.
In Leninsk, Razdolnensky, Nizhnegorsky rajonax nadoi on one fodder cow in one and a half, and in Bakhchiyosaraysky – in 3 times below, than on the average across the Crimea.
Daily additional weights krupnogo a cattle and pigs in Leninsk, Pervomaisk, Razdolnensky, Bakhchisarayyosky, Nizhnegorsky rajonax in 2 – 3 times there are less than srednekrymsky.
Threat of a mass zarayozheniye of a bird bird’s gripyopy became serious test for branch of poultry farming. The case of a bird is observed in otyodelny regions in private farmsteads. However and large-scale spetsializirovanyony enterprises terpyat big ubytki, are compelled rabotat in ekstreyomalny conditions.
The main zadachami are the loyokalizatsiya of a rasprosyotraneniye of bird flu and the prevention of a disease of people. Today I can tell that the situation is under control.
In the Crimea there was a bolyyoshy dissociation of a zemelyyony property. Gosudaryostvennye acts on possession of earth didn’t receive 44 % of sobyostvennik. It twice more than across Ukraine. Osoyobenno low indicators in the Bakhchsarai, Belogorsky and Saksky areas. More than 60 percent of owners of zemelyyony shares are made by pensioyoner. To it it is necessary to add and new "owners" of the earth, koyotory don’t live on the village, and those who doesn’t wish zanimatsya hard country work. For big return from their land tenure to wait not prixoditsya.
Today changes ponimayony priorities in an organizayotsiya of agricultural production. At the same time with strengthening of farms is more increasing agrariev and politicians are declined to need reanimirovat and to create new krupyony specialized agricultural enterprises. Only to them under force to use peyoredovy technologies, dobivatsya high level of a meyokhanizatsiya, to count on solid investments. Produkyotsiya of such enterprises became cheaper and more konkurentosposobna. Convincing the primeyory hozyayyostvo Friendship of the people can serve Is new, No. agroshop 49 Mariupolsyokys metallurgical kombinata Ilyich name in Krasyonogvardeysky, "Yuzhnaya-Holyoding" and "Guerrilla" in the Simfeyoropolsky area and others.
It is considered to be that pomoshh to the village – it first of all financial investments directly in production development. It is impossible to disagree with it.
However in economically razyovity countries the help to the village goes generally on improvement of sotsialyyony infrastructure. At such approach support is received by all territorial bulk, instead of separate hoyozyaystvo.
Now the sotsiyoalny sphere in a rural mesyotnost is in a kritichesyoky condition.
In former years as the main investor the gosuyodarstvo, then – a selkhozyopredpriyatiya and the population acted. The last place in a finansiyorovaniye of the social sphere zanimali local councils.
With disintegration of the majority of collective farms, a vneyodreniye of market otnosheyoniya small agricultural producers unable finansirovat objects socialnogo appointments. And bodies of meyostny self-government neither financially, nor organizatsionyono aren’t ready to it.
Especially difficult poloyozheniye developed in the zhilishchyono-municipal sphere, first of all – in an obespecheyoniya of the population drinking voyody. Volumes of its giving sokratilis almost four times. And that doesn’t answer Gosstandart treyobovaniye. There are villages which live on priyovozny water.
The statistics testifies that the solution of problems of an obesyopecheniye of rural dwellers eleyomentarny utilities considerably otstaet from the city. So, obesyopechennost water supply systems: in the city – 89 %, on the village – 51 %; gas: in the city – 90 %, on the village – 36 %.
70 percent of vodoprovodyony networks demand urgent reconstruction. Every third tower Rozhnovsky needs capital repair. It is necessary to drill doyopolnitelno more than 150 arteyoziansky wells.
As a result of our nastoyyochivost the Cabinet council of Ukraine accepted this year a state program for the Crimea "Drinking water". It is necessary for Verkhovna Rada and republic pravitelyyostvo, People’s Deputies to achieve uporyono that assigyonovaniye were allocated for its realization with the state in full.
In the draft of the resolution on a discussed question it is offered to provide for 2006 of allocation for these purposes at a rate of 10 millionov hryvnias.
Urgent need for the Crimean villages is gasification. It is urged to increase quality of life of rural population. Otradyono that this question though slowly, but decides.
In the current year only in the republican budget on social arrangement, first of all on a vodosnabyozheniye and village gasification, more than six million hryvnias were provided. They arrived and are mastered in a log volume. Certainly, it is not enough these means.
In the state budget for these purposes it was planned 17 million hryvnias. Unfortunately, we received only the fourth part of this sum.
In the draft of the budget of an avtoyonomiya for the next year on arrangement of rural naseyolenny points it is planned more than seventeen millionov that in 2,7 times more than in the current year.
At distribution of kapiyotalny investments not less than 60 % from total amount of the budget of development of the avtonomyony republic follow napravit on building of objects water – and a gazosnabyozheniye, repair of objects of health care, an obrazovayoniya and cultures in the rural zone.
I ask the Chairman Soyoveta ministers of an autonomy of Anatoly Fedorovich Burdyugov, chairmen of the poyostoyanny commissions: on agyorarny and ground voprosam, ecology and ratsioyonalny a prirodopolzovayoniya – Vitaly Alekseeviyocha Verchenko, on an ekonomichesyoky, budgetary and financial and tax policy – Anyodrey Vladimirovich Priputnikov that in the course of numerous soglasovayoniya these figures in the draft of the budget didn’t decrease.
In an autonomy it is realized one and a half ten programs on the village. I want to notice that the programmotvorchestvo at us is put on a stream. By Mnoyogiye from them are calculated rather on propaganda effect.
Let’s take, for example, programmu supports of an individuyoalny housing stroiyotelstvo on the village Sobstvenyony the house. You can state it an assessment if from the gosuyodarstvenny budget and byudzheta autonomies in the current year on it the sum of means equivalent to 120 thousand US dollars is provided.
Considerably the kacheyostvo of rendering of services to a naseyoleniye in the sphere of a zdravookhrayoneniye, education and kultury decreased.
The educational material resources of rural establishments of an obrazoyovaniye don’t meet modern requirements. Many school buildings demand capital repair.
The emergency developed with preschool education. In many areas a large number of kindergartens was closed: in Dzhankoysky – 22; in Saksyoky – 25, in Krasnogvardeyyosky – 27.
I won’t be in detail ostanavlivatsya on education problems as segodnya this question is submitted for session consideration.
I want to emphasize only that authorities and mestnogo self-government are obliged to provide equal access to receiving quality education of rural children and youth, as well as gorodsyoky.
Today Ukraine wins first place in Europe on a natural wastage a naseleyoniya. In the Crimea mortality exceeds birth rate in 1,8 times. The main indicator of human health – life expectancy decreases. Experts of the World organiyozatsiya of health care otmechayut that in the conditions of miryony time of similar neyogativny processes of such scale as in Ukraine, simply doesn’t exist.
The smertyonost in the rural zone is especially high. It is influenced by many fakyotor, including – a sostoyoyaniye of a medical obsluzhiyovaniye on the village.
I will refer to an example of the Kirovyosky area. Here on 10 tysyach the population at norm of 80 beds is available 60. The Chisyolennost of medical rabotyonik on 250 people menshe norms. Wear of materialyyono-technical base dostigaet 90 %. Branch obespechivaetsya budgetary sredstvami only half from a poyotrebnost. And in strukture expenses of 79 % sostavlyaet a salary, 14 % – eneryogonositel and only 1,6 % – other protected items of expenditure.
Vavtonomy for the current year it is much made for health care on the village. In the Saksky area the rural model of family medicine is formed. This region vxodit in number of three pilot in Ukraine. But as a whole mediyotsinsky services in the rural zone remain trudnoyodostupny, process of a reforyomirovaniye of health care goes slowly.
Social degradation of the village is closely connected with mass unemployment. It captured all segments of the population, osobenyono youth. Level of a bezyorabotitsa on the village is three times higher, than in the city. On official statistics the number of the unemployed makes boyoly 20 thousand.
Current situation vedet to loss vital perspektivy, to family disruption, alcoholism, offenses.
On employment of rural zhiyotel limitation of a sphere of application of work, absence of the regular transport message, seasonal fluctuations in sprose influence labor.
For example, 51 persons applied for one vakanyosiya in the Nizhnegorsky area this year. There was no vacancy for women. Affairs in Beyologorsky, Kirovsk and druyogy areas not better are. People soglashayutsya on any, even on nizyokokvalifitsirovanny manual operation.
Outflow from the village of a considerable part of able-bodied population is observed.
To expansion of the sphere of a priloyozheniye of work could sluzhit revival of such truyodoyemky branches, as an ovoyoshchevodstvo, a tabakovodstvo, etc. Now they are thrown.
The wide rasyoprostraneniye of a neselskokhoyozyaystvenny predprinimayotelstvo can become one of alternative ways of providing zanyatosti: a household obsluzhiyovaniye, tourism, crafts, that is – development of small and medium business. On the village it is formed in more tyazheyoly conditions, than in the cities.
The sharpest social problem is the lowest level of the real income of rural dwellers, first of all – a zarabotyony payment. On the average on respublike the salary makes 694 hryvnias, in a rural hoyozyaystvo – only 478. On a third below the all-Crimean indicator.
According to ARK Proyogramma’s project of economic and social development for 2006 the poyovysheniye of a salary of peasants only for 4,9 % is predicted. Not nuzhyono to be big ekonomisyoty, to understand that with ucheyoty inflations a real zayorabotok of the peasant in nayostupayushchy year not podnimetsya. Moreover, ekonomiyochesky calculations of this programmy convincingly say that the bases for growth zarplaty aren’t present. Judge: production proizyovodstvo selskogo farms will increase tolko by 2 %. Her major vidov: grains – for 2,5 %; meat – for 2,2 %; milk – for 1,2 %. Actually – this topyotaniye on a place!
I believe, here is over what to reflect to Council ministrov, to the ministries of agraryony policy and economy which didn’t provide a vyyopolneniye of a package of measures on realization accepted by Verkhovyona of the Glad autonomy programm on support and a razyovitiya of agro-industrial complex.
The Verkhovna Rada too dolzhna to divide an otvetstvenyonost for serious nedostatki in this branch. I consider skoyoropalitelny acceptance of decisions by us about change struktury Council of ministers respubliki regarding fall of the status and powers of resyopublikansky committees on a wood and hunting hoyozyaystvo and on a water hozyayyostvo.
Time showed that neobxodimo to restore the Reskomles and Reskomvodkhoz in the preyozhny status and with former powers.
This year again obostrilas a situation with zadolzhennostyu on a salary. On 16 dekabrya it made 16,6 milliona hryvnias, grew by 5 million. In Razdolnensyoky and in Bakhchsarai rajonax it increased twice. It is also great in the Simferopol, Dzhanyokoysky, Soviet, Kirovyosky areas. Schedules of its repayment it is constant sryvayutsya.
Responsibility for it dolzhny to assume the commissions of the district state administrations on a likyovidatsiya of non-payments and profsoyuzy which while poorly protect the rights of workers. Representatives of bodies vlasti, scientists and landowners-prakyotiki persistently look for deyyostvenny mechanisms of a preodoyoleniye of stagnation in agricultural industry. To the most vazhyony aspects which mogut to lead to an uluchyosheniye of affairs, I would carry:
timely full zakonodayotelny obespecheyony agrarian reformy;
implementation of a package of measures of goyosudarstvenny protectionism on support of selyyokhozproizvoditel which should include adyoresny crediting, the lgotyony taxation, dotayotsionny investment cherez state transferty;
introduction of mechanisms of a reyogulirovaniye agrarian rynka, protection and support of the oteyochestvenny producer; improvement sistemy managements of branch;
full support of an agyorarny science, sovershenstvoyovany preparations vysokokvayolifitsirovanny specialistov, including mass professions.
The village was at all times a moral basis of society, a barometer of obyoshchestvenny moods and hopes, a source and a hrayonitel of culture and people dukhovyonost. Now it needs our podderyozhka.
The parliament of Ukraine declared predyostoyashchy year Year of the village. It imposes on us a doyopolnitelny otvetstvenyonost for development of selskokhoyozyaystvenny production and improvement of quality of life of rural dwellers. I podderzhivayu opinion of a row deputatov that in the budget by Avtonomyona of the Republic of Crimea dolzhyono to be allocated for needs of the village not less than ten procentov means.
Dear deputies!
Once again I pay your attention to the postayonovleniye project on given voprosu. In it is mute osnovyony indicators in figures are defined, koyotory we should put in the budget for 2006 on razyovity agro-industrial complex and social sfery sat down.
I called these figures in a vyyostupleniye and tried obosnovat need of their utveryozhdeniye.
I want to remind prisutstvuyoyushchy that the President of Ukraine Victor Andriyovych Yushchenko, meeting with zhitelyami Nekrasovka’s villages of the Soyovetsky area, very much zhestko and it is impartial kritikoval avtonoyomiya authorities for a poor condition of the soyotsialno-cultural sphere of the village. It sounded all over the country.
Dear Anatoly Feyodorovich, the president gave us – to the government and Veryokhovna Rada autonomies – only four months on taking cardinal measures for improvement a polozheyoniya of affairs on the village.
I make the offer – a goyolosovaniye according to the project of a postayonovleniye to carry out by name.
Time came to repay debts to ours, in the past to the prospering village!