A pumpkin – one of the most widespread annual vegetable cultures, possessing valuable biological and biochemical properties. And mineral salts it surpasses many vegetables in the content of carbohydrates, vitamins, is rich with potassium salts, contains iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, cobalt.
Article tells about important food and curative properties of a pumpkin.
Grade of a muscat pumpkin Arabatsky – a grade adapted for conditions of the southern and steppe areas of Ukraine. About features of cultivation, important agrotechnical receptions, application of means of fight, cleaning and storage there is a speech in article.
Pumpkin – a rodonachalnitsa of big family pumpkin, one of the most rasprostranenyony annual vegetable cultures. The pumpkin received such wide circulation thanks to valuable biological and biochemical properties. The pumpkin surpasses many vegetables in the content of carbohydrates, vitamins and mineralyyony salts. It bogata salts of potassium which support an alkaline reyoaktsiya of blood in an organism, reduce acidity of zheluyodochny juice. According to the content of iron, which neobxodimo for krovetvoreniye processes, a table pumpkin – the recognized leader among vegetables. Is in it and mineyoralny substances: salts of magnesium, potassium, calcium, nayotriya, phosphorus, copper, zinc, cobalt.
Thanks to the high content of carotene (from 4,1 to 26,2 mg on 100 g of substance) the pumpkin is used in the vitamin industry as raw materials for a prigotovyoleniye of a concentrate of carotene.
Pumpkin sunflower seeds – a favourite national lakomyostvo. They contain to 50 % of fat oil, 30 % of protein, sugar, group B vitamins, ascorbic acid, fitosterin, phytin, a leucine, lecithin, tirozin, salicylic acid, pitches with oksitserotinovy acid.
Pumpkin use in food in the raw, zapekayut, fry, add in dough, porridge. From it cook preyokrasny jam, jam, jam, prepare candied fruits, marmelad, mashed potatoes, and also various preparations for the winter.
Along with food, the pumpkin possesses and celebnymi properties. It gives to the person youth, krasotu as intensifies metabolism processes, removes slags, strengthens immune sistemu, smoothes skin and improves complexion. The Tibetyosky medicine included a pumpkin in an arsenal of remedies. For a long time it used at treatment of diseases of kidneys, a liver, a bladder, a zheyoludka, thick intestines and a gall bladder (at katarax, stomach ulcer). As a zhelchegonny sredyostvo a pumpkin recommend to use in crude (on 0,5 kg a day), a boiled and baked look (on 1,5 – 3,0 kg) within 3 – 4 months. Pulp use at locks, for strengthening diureza, it obkladyvayut the inflamed places at burns, eczemas and other diseases of skin. To people, strayodayushchy sleeplessness or a disturbing dream, rekomenduetsya to accept for the night pumpkin juice or otvar with honey (1 Art. honey spoon on 1/2 glasses of juice, 2 – 3 times a day within 3 – 4 months).
Seeds possess glistogonny and diuretic properties. On activity they don’t concede preparatam from a shchitovnik man’s, but don’t render harmful effects on a human body. On osnove pumpkin oil the preparation tykveol, stimulating work of a liver and kidneys is created. It naznachayut to people at chronic and progressing gepatite, cirrhosis, a sharp and chronic patoyologiya of a gastroenteric path.
And still a pumpkin – one of the most valuable forage crops. Its fodder properties are higher, than at fodder beet: it is more than albumens in 4 times, it is more than kormoyovy units for 18,5 %, besides the high soyoderzhaniye of carotene and pectinaceous substances blagoyotvorno influences an organism of animals. The pumpkin uvelichivaet nadoi at cows, increases fat content of milk. This culture is drought-resistant, gives stable urozhaj – from 100 to 1000 c/hectares.
Matchless Arabatsky
In the conditions of the southern and steppe areas of Ukraine it is considered one of the most adapted a grade muscat tykvy Arabatsky. In recent years this pumpkin zainteresovalis not only the agricultural enterprises having points of processing, but also private predpriniyomatel, farms, amateur truck farmers.
The grade Arabatsky was created on the Crimean skilled stanyotsiya of vegetable growing by selectors V.A.Vaskovskoy and M.F.Peregudtom. From other grades of pumpkins it otlichaetsya a fruit form (elongated and cylindrical with the vzduyoty end) and the big maintenance of pulp as the seyomenny chamber is only in fruit top. It pozvolyaet widely to use a grade in a canning and food promyshyolennost.
Length of a fruit of 40 – 100 cm, diameter of 10 – 28 cm, weight from 5 to 27 kg. Productivity of 360 – 400 c/hectares, on personal plots of 500 – 600 c/hectares. In pulp of mature fruits of a pumpkin Arabatsky, grown up in the Crimea, contains 6 – 11,9 % of solids, 6,5 – 7,2 % of sugar, 1,5 – 1,7 % of starch, 0,1-0,15 % of fat, 0,70 – 0,95 % of cellulose. Caloric content of fruits 17 – 31,6 kcal on 100 g of a crude product. Fruits are rich pektiyony (0,3-1,4 %), Bi (0,06) vitamins, Vg (4,4 – 4,5), Vz (0,4), Be (0,13), RR (0,5); With (8-15).
FEATURES OF CULTIVATION
Pumpkin Arabatsky at which the long vegetative period, can yield vyyozrevshy fruits only at optimum veyosenny terms of crops. Optimum term of crops of a pumpkin in the Crimea – the 20th aprelya when the soil temperature on depth of 10 cm will reach 9 – 10 °C. In not irrigated usyoloviya a pumpkin sow for 5 – 7 days earlier. It is necessary in order that seeds got to the damp soil and managed to bulk up. Up the time of their germination the soil, as a rule, should get warm to temperature of 12 – 14 °C. Before crops seeds warm up within 1-2 days at temperature 200S, then presoak in a rasyotvor of microcells and growth reyogulyator (0,05 %-ny solution gibberellina, 0,05 %-ny solution of amber acid, 0,02 %-ny solution of boric acid, etc.) . Seeds maintain in solution during 12 – 24 h, mixing each 3 h, then dry to flowability and immediately sow. This reception not only accelerates poyavleyony shoots, but also increases productivity of culture.
Crops carry out on depth of 8 – 10 cm according to the scheme of 210×140 cm – on bogare and 210×140 – 180 cm, 210×210 cm – on an irrigation. Norm of seeding – 2,5 – 3,0 kg/hectares. Care of plants generally consists of 2 – 3 interrow rykhleniye of the soil and 1 – 2 manual weedings with a simultaneous prorezhivaniye.
Very important agrotechnical reception – fight against weeds. At early stages of development of plants for this purpose in the Crimea widely apply elements of the Astrakhan technology which provides cutting of cracks at the same time with crops. Simpler method is offered by the Kherson scientists – borozdy. These technologies give the chance to start fight against weeds even before emergence of shoots.
Skillful application of herbicides allows to save zatraty on manual weedings and interrow processings of the soil. Esyoli possibility of application of machining of the soil after cleaning of the predecessor is limited, in the autumn on vegetiruyushchy weeds (annual and long-term cereal and two-submultiple) apply herbicide raundap, 45 % of century of river (norm of an expense 4,0 – 5,0 l/hectares). A lushcheniye of an eddish start only 30 days later after spraying.
Before emergence of shoots or during crops against annual cereals and some two-submultiple weeds in the soil bring dual, 96 % to. e. (norm of an expense 1,0 – 1,6 – 2 l/hectares). This preparation of neyoletuchiya also doesn’t demand seal to the soil. Its efficiency znachiyotelno amplifies, if right after introduction passes a rain.
In the phase "shatrika" on vegetiruyushchy weeds 20 % are possible primenyat nabu, to. e. (norm of an expense 2,5 – 3,75 l/hectares], and against annual weeds in height no more than 10 – 15 cm – poast, 20 % to. e. (norm of an expense 2,5 – 3,75 l/hectares, against long-term cereal weeds – 5,0 l/hectares).
On irrigated lands carry out 2 – 3 plentiful waterings, the first – in a phase of the beginning of the pleteobrazovaniye, the second – in nachale formations of fruits, the last – in the middle of August (norm – 500 ¼Ý/hectare).
Clean a pumpkin in dry weather before autumn zamorozkov. Fruits from lashes cut off with a fruit stem, without it they are unsuitable to long storage. From all bakhchevy cultures fruits of a pumpkin possess the greatest lezhkosposobnost. However at negligent treatment they can decay in the first month of storage. The intact fruits store in well provetriyovayemy room in containers or on racks with podstilyoky of sawdust or shaving at temperature of 8 – 10 °C and vlazhnosti – 80 – 90 %. In such conditions fruits remain till the spring and to use them it is possible during all winter perioda. Loss of weight of fruits for a storage time insignificant – only about 6 %.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).