In a note it is a question that productivity of soil-cultivating equipment in many respects depends on its malfunction. Small operational and technical malfunctions lead to big losses of productivity of units, a sowing material, fuels and lubricants fertilizers and, as result, to increase in prime cost of crop production.
It is paid attention of experts and machine operators to a right choice of working bodies for high-quality preparation of the soil, optimum speed at crops by seeders to avoid losses of a sowing material and mineral fertilizers.
IVANOV VALERY YURYEVICH
Preparing agricultural machinery for soil processing, application of fertilizers and sowing of winter crops, we is frequent, because of employment, we do not pay attention to its small operational and technical malfunctions, and it then lead to big losses of productivity of units, a sowing material, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants and, as result, to increase in prime cost of crop production.
One of the soil-cultivating agricultural tools most extended in the Crimea can call family of disk harrows of national and foreign production. The design of these harrows allows to carry out a disking on depth from 6 to 22 see.
Rational depth of processing of the soil disk harrows allows to lower considerably costs of fuel of hectare and to increase productivity of equipment. During too time unfairly deep processing of the soil leads to an excessive consumption of fuel and decline of productivity of cars.
Now the market of Ukraine offers the big range of shirokozakhvatny cultivators, both domestic, and foreign production, among which having design features kultivatorny paws. Applying lancet paws, it is necessary to consider that ploskorezhushchy with a width to 10 cm and a corner of dyeing of 15-20 degrees are applied in that case when shift and a soil turning isn’t allowed. In the conditions of the increased humidity the weeds cut with ploskorezhushchy paws, can get accustomed, therefore it is recommended to establish pro-half-internal harrows behind paws. At lancet universal paws the corner of dyeing is equal 28-30 degrees, and at their work on depth of 4-6 cm there is a shift of the soil and an ogoleniye of a bottom of a furrow. For the cultivators working at speed more than 8 km/h, it is recommended to select paws with a dyeing corner no more than 25 degrees. Paws with a big corner of dyeing strongly reject the soil up.
Sharpening of paws is defined by a dyeing corner:
and – top – at dyeing coal to 15 degrees;
- combined – at dyeing coal more than 15 degrees;
in – bottom – at dyeing coal more than 25 degrees.
Therefore correctly chosen working paws of a cultivator – pledge of high-quality preparation of the soil.
Seeders grain
Design features of a disk soshnik and often meeting its malfunctions at operation of technically faulty disk soshnik are inevitable losses of a sowing material and mineral fertilizers.
Speed of the seyalochny unit
Its excess at crops by seeders with disk soshnik threatens with losses of a sowing material and mineral fertilizers.
Correctly made seyalochny unit won’t allow the tractor operator-driver to carry out crops by SZ family seeders for the speed above 8 km/h.
Loading of seeders by seeds and mineral fertilizers
Mechanical loading of seeders by seeds and mineral fertilizers essentially reduces costs of time of these operations and considerably increases productivity of the seyalochny unit.
V. Ivanov managing sector of mechanization of the APP UAAN Crimean institute.