In the publication it is a question of a procedure for test of the established consumption of liquid at work of various sprayers and the norm of an expense for the ventilyatorny is given. The special attention is given to nuances of operation of pumps for sprayers: to the reasons of their failure and order of elimination of malfunctions.
Sprayers
For check of the established consumption of liquid use a traditional method with use of a measured mug as follows. A tank fill in with water of 100-200 l, turn on the pump, establish on a pressure regulator the chosen pressure (at open cranes of all sections of the distributor) and collect a mug following liquid within 15 seconds from under each spray and merge in accumulative capacity (bucket). Collected liquid is measured by the account mug, the full volume shares on quantity of sprays and the average expense in 15 seconds turns out. Having increased by factor 4, it is possible to lead to a minute average expense of one spray.
Pumps:
Pumps on sprayers are intended:
– for supply of liquid to spraying devices;
– for hydraulic hashing of preparations in a sprayer tank;
– for filling of a tank of a sprayer by water and means of protection of plants.
2. On sprayers pumps of the following types are applied now:
– shesterenny (podkormshchik POM-630);
– centrifugal (OP – 2000 – 2-01, Fimko, Brand, Keritoks);
– piston (OPSh-15-01, OP-2000);
– membrane (pumps of production of Italy, Germany, Poland, Yugoslavia, Russia).
Pumps shesterenny, piston, membrane have the period directly from a shaft of selection of capacity of a tractor, as a rule, at turns of 540 rpm.
Centrifugal pumps demand the raised turns of a drive therefore they are connected to shaft of selection of capacity through the animator who represents a raising reducer-shesterenny two-level, planetary or remenny.
Operation and service of pumps is made depending on type.
Shesterennye pumps.
Main malfunctions of shesterenny pumps:
– the pump doesn’t create pressure and doesn’t give a demanded consumption of liquid;
– violation of tightness of the pump;
– failure of bearings.
Pressure drop of liquid is caused by increase in gaps between end faces of a gear wheel and adjacent plates at the expense of wear of rubbing surfaces. The demanded gap of 0,2-0,5 mm is reached by removal of adjusting laying (their 6 pieces), established between the case and a plate from opposite to a power shaft.
Violation of tightness of the pump arises at the expense of failure of sealing cuffs.
Failure of bearings occurs at the expense of violation of tightness of cuffs and untimely greasing of bearings.
Greasing is necessary for carrying out by means of a syringe through butterdishes in pump covers.
All pumps should be preserved before storage, for this purpose it is necessary to wash out the pump water, to blow the compressed air, to establish on an entrance and a pump exit cardboard caps and completely to fill a car with transmission TAP-15B oil with addition of 5 % of additive AKOR-1.
Centrifugal pumps
The main malfunctions of pumps are:
– exit of consolidations of a shaft of the pump;
– failure of bearings of the pump.
Consolidations of a shaft fail because of wear or because of shaft palpation at wear of bearings.
Failure of bearings at the expense of hit of chemicals through consolidation of a shaft or because of wear of bearings.
For prevention of the specified malfunctions it is necessary to supervise periodically:
– tightness of consolidation on a podtekaniye of chemicals through drainage openings;
– integrity of bearings on palpation and lyuftam a pump shaft, and if necessary in time to replace these details with the new.
Piston pumps
Main malfunctions:
– the pump doesn’t suck in and doesn’t submit liquid – for elimination it is necessary to replace cuffs on pistons or if necessary to replace cylinders with the new;
– non-uniform supply of liquid – a pressure pulsation.
For elimination it is necessary to disassemble a klapanny box and to examine saddles, valves, springs – faulty elements to replace with the new.
It is necessary to watch tightness of the pump, to supervise oil level in the pump not less often than once a month. Oil replacement is necessary for the piston pumps UN-41000 (for Tap-15B or TEP-15 in volume of 1,5 liters) after the 2nd years of work.
Membrane pumps
Membrane pumps found recently wide application thanks to the simplicity, reliability, small weight because pumps of this type now are often applied to re-equipment of serial sprayers.
The main features of installation of pumps on sprayers and their main malfunctions.
Failure of bearings of the pump.
At installation of the pump it is necessary, that the axis of the pump coincided with an axis of a shaft of selection of capacity, then smaller loading will be transferred to a shaft of the pump.
It is necessary to establish the pump on rubber washers to reduce transfer of vibrations on the pump.
On experience we recommend to put an additional support between the driveshaft and the pump, it allows to raise a pump resource.
Rupture of a membrane
The rupture of a membrane is determined by oil turbidity in a transparent glass of the pump, the membrane is replaced with the new. Average length of life of a membrane 1 year. For work with herbicides it is desirable to establish membranes from silicone rubber. It is especially important to watch oil level in the pump and if necessary to add. Before the beginning of work check pressure existence in the compressor chamber. If necessary pump up the automobile pump. Working pressure in the chamber should be within 3-5 atmospheres.
The table of norms of an expense for ventilyatorny sprayers liter/minute.
(On magazine materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).