In this publication "Science" (Simferopol) of a sprayer of ONVG – 300/500 for entering of herbicides into row-spacings and an intersectional zone of long-term plantings is a question of development, manufacturing and introduction in production by experts NPSXP. This car consists of two blocks: pump station and directly working body.
In Ukraine more and more vineyards and palmetny gardens transfer to the intensive technology providing increase in quantity of plants on unit of area. In intensive palmetny gardens, and in bigger stepeni on vineyards, the distance between plants among doesn’t exceed 1 meter. At such schemes of landing all it becomes more difficult to carry out fight against weed vegetation in mezhkustovoi and prikustovoi zones mechanical sposobami.
Application of various cultivators on a design with active working bodies, mills and various adaptations doesn’t allow to destroy weeds completely. These agricultural tools put shtambam trauma plants, and sometimes completely destroy them. Established by agricultural cars hydraulic watching sistemy are difficult on a design, are insufficiently reliable in work. Speed of a srabatyyovaniye of these systems doesn’t allow to work at plantations with distances between rasyoteniye less than 1 meter. Attempts to use for intersectional processing imyoportny expensive cars didn’t give a positive effect.
To solve a vozyonikshy problem it is possible by application of chemical ways of fight against the weed vegetation, successfully applied in field husbandry. Recently there were cars and the adaptations, allowing to make processing of weeds by various pesticides in an intersectional zone. Generally it is the hinged cars mounted on a back hinge plate of a tractor and oboyorudovanny by deviating bars. The adaptations let out by predpriyoyatiya and made by experts of farms, are mounted on razyolichny hook-on sprayers, mainly on OPV-2000.
These cars and adaptations quite well carry out a poyostavlenny task, however have some shortcomings. The main shortcoming is that their working bodies are out of a zone of sight of the tractor operator, and for control of operation of the car he should look back constantly back that influences quality of carried-out works and reduces productivity of the car. As it is necessary to note that at operation of existing cars the poyopadaniye on leaves of plants causing their oppression and even death of herbicides isn’t excluded. NPSXP "Science" (Simferopol) is developed by experts, izgotavlivaetsya and the sprayer for entering of herbicides into row-spacings and an intersectional zone of long-term plantings ONVG-300/500 takes root into production.
This car consists of two blocks: pump station and directly shtangovy worker of body. According to demands of consumers it is made for an agregatirovaniye with wheel tractors of a traction class of 6,0 kN (T-25), by 9,0 kN (T-40), 12 kN (MTZ, YuMZ), width of capture of this car – from 2,5 to 5,0 meters.
The pump station is hung on a back hinge plate of a tractor, and the shtangovy working body is mounted on its forward bar. The pump station consists of a welded frame with hinge plate elements on a tractor on which the tank for solution in volume from 300 to 500 liters fastens. In a jellied mouth of a tank, germeticheski the reception mesh filter is a being closed cover. Under a tank, on the basis of a frame, the soaking-up filter and the membrane pump is established.
On a forward bar of a frame the pressure regulator, supplied manoyometry, the additional filter of working solution and special valves for management of working process of introduction of herbicides in row-spacings and a mezhkusyotovy zone fastens.
On a forward wall of a tank are mounted the index of level of liquid in a tank and a hydraulic mixer of working solution.
The drive of pump station is carried out from tractor VOM through kardanny transfer.
The Shtangovy working body (Fig.) consists of a stretcher which is directly mounted on a forward bar of a tractor, and established on special napravyolyayushchy a framework with telescopic bars. The frame with bars can change the height of an arrangement from a soil surface by means of the hydrocylinder or a hummock crab. The height of an arrangement of bars is established depending on a contamination by weeds of processed plantations and for ensuring safe transport moving. After installation of necessary height the frame is fixed by the lock device.
Fig. The car for destruction of weed vegetation on long-term plantings
The mechanism of spraying consists of three bars: central, for obrabotki row-spacings, and two deviating lateral – for processing of intersectional and pristvolny zones. Lateral bars by means of the special spring mechanism deviate at a meeting with obstacles, and then come back to a starting position. It allows to avoid breakages of these bars. Existence of the mechanism of a deviation and a reset of lateral bars allows to spray weeds with overlapping of an axis of a number of plants. The Teleskoyopichesky design of fastening of lateral bars allows to change the worker shirinu car capture. On request of the customer, on all bars can ustanavlivatsya centrifugal or slot-hole sprays of various productivity.
In order to avoid hit of herbicides on leaves of plants sprays on boyokovy bars are closed by special protective plastic casings.
Operating experience of this car in Zavetnoye agrofirm DP (Novoselovk’s item of the Simferopol area, AR Crimea) showed big reliability of a konstyoruktsiya, rather high working speed and productivity, otsutstyovy damages of plants and hit of herbicides on their leaves.
Item DOGODA, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor of YuF "KATU" NAU, academician.