In article the concept of a molt at a bird is deciphered, her terms and types are specified. Recommendations about the maintenance of a bird are provided in the molt periods. The scheme of carrying out a compulsory molt by a zootechnical method for increase of efficiency of a bird is given
One of the major biological processes at a bird – a molt: complete dying off, loss old and growth of a new feather. The first molt is called as juvenile, the subsequent – periodic, or seasonal.
Juvenile molt
The juvenile molt is connected with change of a physiological condition of young growth at its intensive growth and development. During this period primary (juvenile) feather is replaced secondary (the main, definitivny).
At chickens of egg breeds the juvenile molt begins in weeks, meat and obshchepolzovatelny – in 5-6, at cesaryat – in 6-7, at turkey poults – in 5-6, at ducklings – at 8-10, at gooses – in 10-11 weeks, and comes to an end, as a rule, to age of a sneseniye of the first egg.
Males fade more actively and more considerably, than females. At a lack of a diet of manganese, iodine and sulfur the new plumage – uncombed, curly, sticky to the touch – appears with a delay. Therefore it is recommended to add for young growth of hens, guinea fowls and a waterfowl on 1 kg of a forage of 50 mg of manganese, and for turkey poults – 70 mg.
Periodic molt
After end of the productive period at an adult bird there comes periodic, or a natural molt – as a result of adaptive reaction of an organism to environmental conditions. Yaytsekladka falls to a minimum or stops absolutely, the physiological condition changes, resilience of a bird to adverse factors and diseases decreases.
* At birds of these types in 20 days after the first molt (summer) the second (autumn), which duration at ducks of 50-55 days, at geese – 15-20 begins
Reduction of terms of a periodic molt at a bird favorably is influenced by the high-grade feeding balanced on the content of methionine and cistina. Their level in diets is necessary for finishing to 0.6-0.7 %. With these serosoderzhashchy amino acids are rich a fish and myasokostny meal, dry obrat, fodder yeast, podsolnechnikovy an oil cake and shrot.
Compulsory molt
At decrease in egg efficiency at a bird and the complete termination of a yaytsekladka at geese apply zootechnical, hormonal and chemical methods. It promotes break reduction in a yaytsekladka and prolongs effective use of a bird. But at first follows vybrakovat the weak.
The compulsory molt is accompanied by decrease in live weight for 10-20 %, a stress, appetite reduction, reduction of consumption of a forage, increase in body temperature. The compulsory molt begins amicably, proceeds quickly (45-60 days) and comes to an end almost at the same time at all herd.
Postthis there comes the second cycle of a yaytsenoskost, the weight and quality of eggs, their deductibility, viability and live mass of chickens raise.
Some schemes of carrying out a compulsory molt are developed by a zootechnical method.
At a hormonal method apply hormones of a thyroid gland or hormones ovulations braking process. For example, to hens once intramuscularly enter on 30 mg of a progesterone with a prolangant, light day reduce till 8 o’clock, thus feed a bird on norms.
(On materials of printing editions).