In a note recommendations about preparation of seeds of cucumbers and tomatoes to crops (sorting, warming up, a prorashchivaniye, a barbotirovaniye, a hardening, a protravlivaniye, disinfection, etc.) are made
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Recently many seed-growing companies – traditional suppliers, considerably rose in the price for seeds. Unfortunately, it didn’t affect their quality. Rise in prices, a critical situation in economy, and also climate change which we observe in recent years, demand special attention to preparation of seeds a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures to crops.
Preseeding preparation of seeds carry out for protection against pathogenic microflora, increase of speed and a germination druzhnost. In each economy it is recommended to organize points of complex preparation of seeds of vegetable cultures to crops with installation of the necessary equipment. It is obligatory, that all work on preparation of seeds was carried out under control of agrochemical laboratory or the agriculturist-seed grower of an economy. Protralivayut seeds of the person which on a state of health are allowed to performance of these works.
Reception of a barbotirovaniye of seeds – saturation by their oxygen is especially effective. Seeds place in warm water at temperature 20-250C in the ratio not less, than 1:5 and aerate oxygen or air prior to the beginning of germination (naklevyvaniye) of 2-5 % a seed.
Work with oxygen demands observance of the special safety regulations, special preparation of workers therefore instead of oxygen it is possible to use air, but duration of a barbotirovaniye thus increases by one third. Proceeding from biological features of culture, sowing qualities of seeds, modern recommendations of a science and the advanced practice we consider as more effective preparation of seeds in below given sequence:
1. Sorting (including calibration).
2. Hydrothermal processing (moistening and warming up).
3. Disinfecting (protravlivaniye).
4. Processing by microcells.
5. Drazhirovaniye.
Optimum exposition of a barbotirovaniye of seeds
oxygen
Preparation of seeds of a cucumber
1. Sorting of seeds according specific weight is made in water 3 %-numbers solution of table salt or ammoniac saltpeter. For this purpose seeds immerse in solution for 5 minutes, carefully mix and 5-7 minutes defend. Solution with the emerged seeds merge, and settled at the bottom – well wash out in flowing water and dry to flowability at temperature not above 400S. For acceleration of drying it is possible to use an air stream from fans or to select water on a centrifuge.
2. Beforehand (in 1-1,5 months) carry out warming up of seeds within two days at temperature 300S, three days – at temperature 50-520C and one days at temperature 78-800C. Thus, since 18-200C, temperature increase within 1-2 hours.
3. Prorashchivaniye of seeds in the thermostat at temperature 28-300C within 12 hours.
4. Barbotirovaniye at temperature 20-250C prior to the beginning of a naklevyvaniye of 2-5 % of seeds (see an exposition of a barbortirovaniye of seeds).
5. A hardening of seeds cold within 3-5 days in the range of temperatures - 1–10S (action in constant temperatures), or seeds of 12 hours at temperature – 1–10S, and 12 hours at 18-200C (maintain action in variable temperatures). When training it is impossible to allow developments of sprouts.
6. Against virus diseases seeds namachivayut in 1 % – number solution of margantsevokisly potassium within 20 minutes or in 15 % – number solution trinatrijfosfata within 1 hour with the subsequent washing in flowing water within 10-15 minutes. It is carried out directly ahead of crops.
7. Enrichment of seeds by microcells is carried out by soaking them within 12 hours in the warm water solution containing: boric acid – 0,05 %, sernokisly copper – 0,005 %, sernokisly zinc – 0,05 %, sernokisly manganese – 0,05 %, molibdenovokisly ammonium – 0,05 %, nitrate cobalt – 0,05 %. Temperature of solution of-20-25 0 C.
8. In fight with peronosporozy dry seeds pickle a preparation aprona (2,5 g on 1 kg of seeds) in 1-2 months prior to crops.
Preparation of seeds of a tomato.
1. Sorting – in 5 % – number solution of table salt or ammoniac saltpeter within 5 minutes with the subsequent washing in flowing water.
2. Polishing of the trimmed seeds of tomatoes for ensuring their uniform seeding. It is made in a special drum with the electric drive. Time of processing is regulated depending on quantity of turns and weight of processed seeds.
3. Beforehand, in 1-1,5 months, seeds warm up within two days at temperature 300S, three days – at 50-520C, gradually increasing temperature within 1-2 hours.
4. Namachivaniye of seeds within 18 hours in the water solution of microcells containing: boric acid – 0,1 %, sernokisly copper – 0,05 %, sernokisly zinc – 0,05 %, sernokisly manganese – 0,05 %, molibdenovokisly ammonium – 0,02 %, amber acid – 0,002 %, nicotinic acid – 0,01 %. Solution temperature –
24-260C.
5. Barbotirovaniye and a hardening cold of seeds for sowing culture of a tomato carry out by analogy to cucumber seeds (see items 4 and 5 – preparation of seeds of a cucumber).
6. Prorashchivaniye of seeds is led at temperature 28oS within 24 hours.
7. Against virus diseases seeds disinfect within 30 minutes in 1 % – number solution of margantsevokisly potassium or in 20 % solution of hydrochloric acid of 30 minutes with the subsequent washing in flowing water within 10-15 minutes.
8. Protravlivaniye of seeds Fundazol is recommended to make in 1-1,5 months prior to crops by a preparation of 5-6 g/kg.
Y.Dementyev, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the production technology, storage and processing of production of vegetable growing and YuF "KATU" NAU standardization.
G. Tsyplyak, director general of Association of vegetable growers of the Crimea, leading expert of department of plant growing of branch NTISXK of KGA UKTs.