In article the description of a new efiromaslichny grade of fennel the Scythian is given. The comparative characteristic it on morphological signs concerning a grade Gribovsky is provided.
NEW EFIROMASLICHNYJ SCYTHIAN FENNEL GRADE
Fennel – one of the most rasprostranenyony vegetable, aromatic cultures. Its greens are widely applied in a kuliyonariya, seeds are used at a konyoservirovaniye of vegetables. The valuable product received from fennel, essential oil which is used in farmatsevtiyochesky, confectionery, perfumery and alcoholic beverage productions is.
Essential oil – colourless or zheltovayoty liquid. Its main component – karvon in number of 40-60 %. Receive essential oil by processing of the whole rasyoteniye at a stage of technical ripeness.
As efiromaslichny culture fennel nachali to cultivate in Ukraine from 60th years. However, vegetable grades are characterized otyonositelno by the low contents efirnogo oils in raw materials. Therefore since 1998 at Institute efiromaslichny and herbs selection work on creation of a new high-olive grade was begun.
As an initial material collection samples are taken. In a course raboty seven vegetable grades are studied 86 received of VIR of N.I.Vavilov of samples, including.
Iskusstvenyony selection in a combination to an inbriding was chosen the main method. Earlier fennel selection on an efiromaslichnost wasn’t carried out, and this method appeared rather effective and allowed to receive a perspective selection material.
Selection researches of efiromaslichny cultures carried out according to the technique accepted at institute. In a kayochestvo of control used a vegetable grade Gribovsky. As a result of the done work the new efiromaslichny grade the Scythian who was included in The register of grades of plants of Ukraine since 2004 was created.
On morphological indicators the new grade essentially doesn’t differ from Gribovsky. The height of plants at it reaches in sredyony 80-90 cm, on each of them 2-4 inflorescences of the first order develop. Plants kompakyotny, nepolegayushchy, suitable for mekhaniziyorovanny cleaning. Duration of the vegetayotsionny period from shoots to a phase of tekhniyochesky ripeness – 100-102 days, to a sozrevayoniya of seeds – 108-112 days that for 2-3 days menshe, than at a grade Gribovsky.
In the conditions of an epifitotiya of 2001 a grade the Scythian proved as steadier to cerkosporozu. The assessment of its defeat made 2,5 points that on 0,7 points below, than at a grade Gribovsky.
Indicators of efficiency of a grade Scythian (competitive test)
As appears from the table, the Scythian prevosxodit Gribovsky on a mass fraction of essential oil for 26,2 %, and on collecting efiryony oil from 1 hectare – for 20,8 %.
In parallel with a competitive sortoispyyotaniye on reproduction sites prodolzhalas work on grade improvement. In rezultate, according to a sortoispytaniye in 2004, the Scythian exceeded Gribovsky on collecting oil for 37,6 %. Thus a mass fraction of essential oil in the whole plants sostavlyala at the Scythian and Gribovsky sootvetyostvenno 1,17 and 0,85 %, and in seeds – 8,67 and 7,01 %.
In 2005 in raw materials of the fennel which has been grown up on a uterine site, the mass fraction of efiryony oil reached 1,43 %.
The provided data testify to responsiveness of a grade on receptions uluchshayushhego seed farmings.
The grade the Scythian is characterized by the increased drought resistance and is recommended for cultivation in the Crimea and the southern regions of Ukraine.
The new grade of fennel is characterized by high indicators of efficiency – the content of essential oil in raw materials to 1,4 % and collecting oil from 1 hectare to 65 kg.
N of Nevkrytaya, Candidate of Biology.
Institute efiromaslichny and UAAN herbs.